Lightning Damage of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Laminates with Interlayers Modified by Nickel-Coated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube
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Lightning Damage of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Laminates with Interlayers Modified by Nickel-Coated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Qi Dong 1 & Guoshun Wan 1 & Yongzheng Xu 1 & Yunli Guo 1 & Tianxiang Du 1 & Xiaosu Yi 2 & Yuxi Jia 1
Received: 15 January 2017 / Accepted: 17 January 2017 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2017
Abstract The numerical model of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates with electrically modified interlayers subjected to lightning strike is constructed through finite element simulation, in which both intra-laminar and inter-laminar lightning damages are considered by means of coupled electrical-thermal-pyrolytic analysis method. Then the lightning damage extents including the damage volume and maximum damage depth are investigated. The results reveal that the simulated lightning damages could be qualitatively compared to the experimental counterparts of CFRP laminates with interlayers modified by nickel-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ni-MWCNTs). With higher electrical conductivity of modified interlayer and more amount of modified interlayers, both damage volume and maximum damage depth are reduced. This work provides an effective guidance to the anti-lightning optimization of CFRP laminates. Keywords CFRP laminates . Lightning strike damage . Finite element simulation . Electrical modification . Carbon nanotube
1 Introduction Due to their high specific stiffness and strength, good chemical resistance and outstanding design-ability, carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are well developed and used as the structure material especially in aviation industry. The advanced civil aircraft like B787 is
* Yuxi Jia [email protected]
1
Key Laboratory for Liquid-solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
2
National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, AVIC Composites Center, Beijing 100095, China
Appl Compos Mater
manufactured by large amount of CFRPs in the airframe structures. However, besides the impact damage, another major concern in design of the aircraft composite structures is the lightning damage resistance for replacing highly electrically conductive metal material with semi-conductive or isolated composites. Statistical data show that a lightning strike incident for one aircraft takes place in an average of 3000 ~ 5000 h in commercial transport line [1]. Lightning, possessing as high as 200 kA electrical current which is delivered within microseconds, can cause catastrophic damage to aircrafts. The commercial lightning strike protection (LSP) products are metal mesh or foil [2] which cover the exterior of structures. However, the large density of metallic LSP products is inconsistent with the design requirement for weight reduction and fuel economy of aircraft. CFRP laminates have orthotropic electrical conductivities. It has been revealed that electrical conductivity along fiber direction is proportional to carbon fiber volume fraction,
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