Linguistic Fieldwork A Practical Guide
This is a practical guide to all aspects of linguistic fieldwork. It not only discusses techniques for working on the phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and discourse of an undescribed language, but also considers field technology, grant application
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Linguistic Fieldwork A Practical Guide
Claire Bowern Rice University
© Claire Bowern 2008 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2008 978-0-230-54537-3 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-0-230-54538-0 DOI 10.1057/9780230590168
ISBN 978-0-230-59016-8 (eBook)
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08
For my parents
Contents Acknowledgements
xi
1
Introduction 1.1 About this book 1.2 What is ‘the field’ and what is ‘fieldwork’? 1.3 The term ‘informant’ 1.4 Fieldwork and ‘Theory’ 1.5 Fieldwork and identity 1.6 Summary and further reading
1 1 2 10 10 12 14
2
Technology in the Field 2.1 Why make recordings? 2.2 Choosing recording equipment 2.3 Computers 2.4 Pen and paper 2.5 Recording practicalities 2.6 Checklist for equipment setup 2.7 Summary and further reading
16 16 17 25 26 27 31 32
3
Starting to Work on a Language 3.1 What to do at the first session 3.2 Discovering a phoneme inventory 3.3 More on transcription 3.4 Common errors and cues 3.5 Data organization 3.6 What to record? 3.7 Summary and further reading
34 34 37 39 40 42 43 44
4
Data Organization and Archiving 4.1 Before the session 4.2 After the session 4.3 Software for data processing 4.4 Metadata 4.5 Processing field data 4.6 Archiving 4.7 Further reading
47 49 52 54 56 59 60 62
vii
viii
Contents
5
Fieldwork on Phonetics and Phonology 5.1 Broad and narrow transcription 5.2 Research design 5.3 Further topics in phonetic research 5.4 Suprasegmentals
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