Linking a Storm Water Management Model to a Novel Two-Dimensional Model for Urban Pluvial Flood Modeling
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ARTICLE
Linking a Storm Water Management Model to a Novel TwoDimensional Model for Urban Pluvial Flood Modeling Yuhan Yang1,2 • Leifeng Sun1,2 • Ruonan Li1,2 • Jie Yin1,2,3 • Dapeng Yu4
Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This article describes a new method of urban pluvial flood modeling by coupling the 1D storm water management model (SWMM) and the 2D flood inundation model (ECNU Flood-Urban). The SWMM modeling results (the overflow of the manholes) are used as the input boundary condition of the ECNU Flood-Urban model to simulate the rainfall–runoff processes in an urban environment. The analysis is applied to the central business district of East Nanjing Road in downtown Shanghai, considering 5-, 10-, 20-, 50-, and 100-year return period rainfall scenarios. The results show that node overflow, water depth, and inundation area increase proportionately with the growing return periods. Water depths are mostly predicted to be shallow and surface flows generally occur in the urban road network due to its low-lying nature. The simulation result of the coupled model proves to be reliable and suggests that urban surface water flooding could be accurately simulated by using this methodology. Adaptation measures (upgrading of the urban drainage system) can then be targeted at specific locations with significant overflow and flooding.
Keywords ECNU Flood-Urban model Shanghai Storm water management model (SWMM) Urban pluvial flooding
1 Introduction
1
Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2
School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
Urban pluvial flooding is attracting growing public concern and research focus worldwide. In the context of global environmental change, the urban hydrological environment has evolved under the combined effect of natural and anthropogenic factors (Du et al. 2012; Yin et al. 2016a; Gu et al. 2019). There is a growing consensus that climate change will result in more extreme precipitation events (IPCC 2012, 2013; Zhang, Gu et al. 2018). Moreover, rapid urban expansion significantly increases impervious surface areas, causing sharp increases in urban discharge and runoff (Du et al. 2012; Zhang, Villarini et al. 2018). In addition, the existing drainage network systems in most cities are outdated and rapid urbanization has significantly outpaced the construction of urban infrastructure, thus making cities more vulnerable to pluvial flooding. These combined factors result in an increase in the frequency and severity of urban pluvial flooding. As a critical infrastructure component in urban environments, the storm sewer system is responsible for draining excess surface runoff in cities. According to the Code for the Design of Outdoor Wastewater Engineering (GB 50014-2006),1 the capacity of urban drainage systems in China is generally designed to cope only with 1- to 3-year return period rainfall, which is significantly lower
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