Lipid Alterations during Zebrafish Embryogenesis Revealed by Dynamic Mass Spectrometry Profiling with C=C Specificity
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J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. (2019) DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02334-z
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Lipid Alterations during Zebrafish Embryogenesis Revealed by Dynamic Mass Spectrometry Profiling with C=C Specificity Xu Zhao,1 Jing Chen,2 Weiying Zhang,2 Chengdui Yang,1 Xiaoxiao Ma,3 Xinrong Zhang1
Sichun Zhang,1
1
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China 3 State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China 2
Abstract. Lipids exert substantial influences on vertebrate embryogenesis, but their metabolic dynamics at detailed structural levels remains elusive, primarily owing to the lack of a tool capable of resolving their huge structural diversity. Herein, we present the first large-scale and spatiotemporal monitoring of unsaturated lipids with C=C specificity in single developing zebrafish embryos enabled by photochemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry (MS). The lipid isomer composition was found extremely stable in yolk throughout embryogenesis, while notable differences in ratios of C=C location (e.g., PC 16:0_16:1 (7) vs. 16:0_16:1 (9)) and fatty acyl composition isomers (e.g., PC 16:1_18:1 vs. 16:0_18:2) were unveiled between blastomeres and yolk from zygote to 4 h post fertilization (hpf). From 24 hpf onwards, lipid isomer compositions in embryo head and tail evolved distinctively with development, suggesting a meticulously regulated lipid remodeling essential for cell division and differentiation. This work has laid the foundation for functional studies of structurally defined lipids in vertebrate embryology. Keywords: Zebrafish embryogenesis, Lipid remodeling, C=C location isomers, Mass spectrometry, Photochemical derivatization Received: 1 July 2019/Revised: 24 August 2019/Accepted: 24 August 2019
Introduction
L
ipids, typically abundant in oocytes and embryos, are of profound importance to vertebrate embryonic development in aspects of cell membrane construction [1], energy provision [2], and signaling [3, 4]. Although efforts have been made on global lipid profiling of oocytes and embryos using mass Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s13361-019-02334-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Correspondence to: Xiaoxiao Ma; e-mail: [email protected]
spectrometry (MS) [5–8], our knowledge of lipids in the dynamic context of vertebrate embryogenesis is considerably limited and sketchy compared with that of nucleic acids and proteins. This situation is further complicated by the vast structural complexity of lipids owing to the five layers of lipid moieties, namely lipid class, fatty acyl identity, fatty acyl sn-position, carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) location, and C=C geometry (c
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