Lipid peroxidation of kidney of the turtle Mauremys reevesii caused by cadmium
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Lipid peroxidation of kidney of the turtle Mauremys reevesii caused by cadmium Aiguo Dong 1 & Junfeng Huo 1 & Juanjuan Yan 1 & Ailing Dong 2 & Biwang Liu 1 Received: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This research was designed to investigate lipid peroxidation of the kidney of turtle (Mauremys reevesii) caused by cadmium. Turtles were injected intraperitoneally with cadmium at the concentration of 0 (control), 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg, and 5 turtles were taken from each group after exposure for 1 week (1 w), 2 weeks (2 w), and 3 weeks (3 w). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as glutathione (GSH) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) contents in the homogenate of kidney tissue were analyzed. The results demonstrated that a short time of low dose of cadmium could stimulate the increase of SOD activity in the kidney of turtles, but a long time of high dose of cadmium could induce the decrease of SOD activity in the kidney of turtles. Cadmium could decrease CAT activity and GSH content in turtle kidney, but increased MDA content in turtle kidney. There were some other effects on the turtles, such as depression and diarrhea. The experimental results indicate that cadmium causes temporary oxidative stress on the kidney of turtles. Keywords Cadmium . Turtles . Kidney . Temporary oxidative stress . Experimental effects
Introduction Cadmium is a worldwide freshwater aquatic pollutant (Dieter et al. 2014; Helen et al. 2011). Because the biological half-life of cadmium is very long, the poisoning effects of cadmium are able to accumulate across the food chain and be biologically amplified (Mehinto et al. 2014; Rose et al. 2015). So, cadmium is able to cause biochemical changes, physiological dysfunctions, and morphological abnormalities (Lei et al. 2011; Mehinto et al. 2014; Helen et al. 2011). Researches of its mechanisms showed that cadmium induces the bioaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in many Aiguo Dong and Junfeng Huo contributed equally to this work. Aiguo Dong and Junfeng Huo are Joint first co-authorship Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Junfeng Huo [email protected] 1
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
2
Bureau of agriculture and rural affairs of Qianan, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
injuries such as lipid peroxidation and DNA mutation (Lang et al. 2016; Lei et al. 2011). Former researches have shown that cadmium has influences on the physicochemical capabilities of some turtles (Alexandra et al. 2013; Elodie and Krishna 2012; Heather et al. 2011; Huo et al. 2017A; Joanna et al. 2010; LeyQuiñónez et al. 2011; Yu et al. 2011). Cadmium poisoning mechanism is not very clear, and several interpretations are presented (Varoni et al. 2017). Cadmium toxicological studies indicate that it can cause an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is able to induce multip
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