LiSn 2 (PO 4 ) 3 -based polymer-in-ceramic composite electrolyte with high ionic conductivity for all-solid-state lithiu
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ORIGINAL PAPER
LiSn2(PO4)3-based polymer-in-ceramic composite electrolyte with high ionic conductivity for all-solid-state lithium batteries Shadab Ali Ahmed 1 & Tanvi Pareek 1 & Sushmita Dwivedi 1 & Manish Badole 1 & Sunil Kumar 1 Received: 24 May 2020 / Revised: 21 July 2020 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, fabrication and electrochemical behavior of polymer-in-ceramic composite electrolytes based on lithium-ion conducting triclinic LiSn2(PO4)3 (LSP) for all-solid-state batteries are reported. The composite ceramic electrolyte (CCE) was fabricated using polymeric salt (PEO+LiClO4) as a filler to the ceramic compound LSP using a simple hot-press technique. The x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies were performed to determine the structure of the composite electrolyte. Composite electrolyte containing 30 wt.% PEO+LiClO4 exhibit the highest conductivity of ~ 3.48 × 10−5 Scm−1 at 27 °C, which improves to ~ 1.18 × 10−4 Scm−1 at 60 °C. The low activation energy calculated to be ~ 0.34 eV results from additional mobile lithium-ion in a composite electrolyte. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) reveals the Li+ diffusion route along with the 3D inter-connected LSP-(PEO+ LiClO4) interfaces and distribution of polymeric salt to LSP. The ionic and Li+ transference numbers calculated by a combination of ac signal and dc polarization were found to be ~ 0.99 and ~ 0.39, respectively. The electrochemical performance of the CCE was tested using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charging-discharging (GCD) in symmetric cell employing lithium metal as the electrode. Composite electrolyte exhibited highly reversible lithium stripping/plating behavior at low current density. All-solid-state cells fabricated using LiMn2O4 as the cathode, Li metal as the anode, and the LSP-30 (PEO+LiClO4) as the solid electrolyte deliver a high specific discharge capacity of ~ 103.3 mAhg−1 at a current density of 100 μAcm−2. Keywords All-solid-state batteries . Composite electrolytes . LiSn2(PO4)3 . Ionic conductivity
Introduction Advancement in the electrical-automotive sectors and portable electronic devices such as laptops and mobiles promotes the market demand for energy storage devices [1, 2]. Electrical energy storage systems, especially rechargeable batteries, gain full attention to the growth of the latest technology applications [3, 4]. Among all rechargeable batteries, lithium batteries emerge as one of the most promising candidates, owing to their highest output voltage, energy density, low self-discharge, and the excellent cycling life [3, 5–7]. The commercially available lithium-ion batteries use a liquid electrolyte, which is composed of a Li-salt dissolved in an organic solvent. However, these conventional lithium batteries pose serious * Sunil Kumar [email protected] 1
Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute
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