LMC-based DTC for efficiency improvement of IM drives and their electric vehicle applications
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
LMC‑based DTC for efficiency improvement of IM drives and their electric vehicle applications Hilmi Aygun1 · Mustafa Aktas2 Received: 19 March 2020 / Revised: 11 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 © The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2020
Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs) with induction motor (IM) drives require energy optimization due to their limited energy storage capacity. Among the energy optimization methods currently available, a loss model-based controller (LMC) is a satisfactory technique, since it converges rapidly to an optimal operating point. Some of the simplifications applied to LMCs, such as neglecting the core loss and leakage inductances, affect IM drive performance negatively in terms of loss minimization. To overcome this problem, this paper presents an efficient LMC combined with direct torque control (DTC). The proposed method is based on the idea that the magnetizing current is much higher than the core loss current. Using the sum of the stator current and the rotor current instead of the magnetizing current, modelling the losses is simplified and the optimal stator flux is determined easily. A simulation study is carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme with an EV application during an FTP-75 urban driving cycle. A prototype 3 kW IM drive with a TMS320F28335 digital signal processor (DSP) is built to validate the simulation results. A significant efficiency improvement is obtained at low loads. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DTC improves efficiency and decreases torque ripple. Keywords Electric vehicle · Induction motor · Direct torque control · Loss model-based control · Efficiency improvement
1 Introduction Nowadays, electric vehicles (EVs) are considered to be an alternative to conventional vehicles, thanks to their great advantages such as reduced energy consumption and nonpolluting emissions. They use electric motors for propulsion and rechargeable battery packs for the required energy. However, the batteries have limited energy storage capacity and their charging duration is very long. Therefore, the efficient use of electric motor drives plays a vital role in efficient and environmentally friendly transport systems [1, 2]. Induction motors (IM) are commonly used in EVs, thanks to their simplicity, reliability, robustness, low cost, and low maintenance requirements [3, 4]. Among IM control methods, DTC has a good dynamic response without using current regulators. DTC is usually employed in IM-based * Hilmi Aygun [email protected] 1
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
2
EVs due to its fast torque response with a simple structure. It ensures that the high starting torque required for an EV can be provided almost instantaneously. However, the main drawback of DTC is the high torque ripple caused by the high current ripple due to a variable switching f
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