Long-term impact of olfactory dysfunction on daily life
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Wien Klin Wochenschr https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01751-5
Long-term impact of olfactory dysfunction on daily life Alice B. Auinger · Gerold Besser · David T. Liu · Bertold Renner · Christian A. Mueller
Received: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Summary Background Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is common in the general population, affects the quality of life (QoL), and is suspected to cause depression. Longterm outcome data are lacking and there is a need to improve patient counselling regarding prognosis. We aimed to assess subjective long-term recovery rates, the QoL, and mood disturbance in a group of 65 patients, who were affected with OD. Methods Out of 325 patients treated for OD between 2003 and 2009 at a smell and taste clinic, 65 patients were included for a follow-up after an average of 8.6 years. A total of 28 patients answered questionnaires only and 37 patients were provided with an additional smell identification test. Among others, questionnaires included a short form of the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOLBREF) and the Beck’s depression inventory. Results In the long run, subjective improvement was stated in 33.8% of all patients, with the highest rate
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01751-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. B. Auinger, MD · G. Besser, MD · D. T. Liu, MD · C. A. Mueller, MD () Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria [email protected] B. Renner, MD Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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of 42.3% in patients with postinfectious OD. The subjective rating of olfactory function on a visual analogue scale was significantly higher at study followup compared to first clinical contact (median 1.25 vs. 4.5; U = 469.5, p = 0.001), as were mean identification scores (6.0 ± 3.0 vs. 8.0 ± 4.0, t(18) = 2.51, p = 0.021). The QoL in general was considered reduced in 40% of all patients at follow-up. Furthermore, participants exhibited only minor, if any, depressive symptoms. Conclusion Despite negative effects of OD on certain activities in daily life, such as cooking, detecting spoiled food, or personal hygiene, it seems that the patients included in this study adapted to the OD in the long-term. The current findings should aid clinicians in patient counselling. Keywords Anosmia · Hyposmia · Quality of life · Prognosis · Smell
Introduction Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is common and affects up to one quarter of the general population, with even higher prevalence rates in the older generation [1–3]. Most common causes of OD include upper airway infection (18–45%), sinonasal disease (7–56%), head trauma (8–2
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