Low-temperature processed, stable n-i-p perovskite solar cells with indene-C60-bisadduct as electron transport material
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Low‑temperature processed, stable n‑i‑p perovskite solar cells with indene‑C60‑bisadduct as electron transport material Mohamed I. Omer1,2 · Xizu Wang2 · Xiaohong Tang1 Received: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Organo-metallic halide perovskites (OMHP) have proven to be promising light absorbers with superb optoelectronic properties for developing the next generation of low-cost solar cells. Over the past years, the extensive research efforts on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have led to an impressive improvement in the photovoltaic performance on many fronts and have their main field of applications in low-temperature and low power consumption photo-electronic devices, However, a wide range of highly performing PSCs structures involves the use of metal oxide electron transport materials (ETMs) such as TiO2 which requires high processing temperature that could result in a higher manufacturing energy input and cost. This also could hinder the development of low-cost and low-temperature scalable processes for device fabrication on rigid or flexible substrates. Here, we develop a low-temperature procedure (below 100 °C) that make use of Indene-C60 Bisadduct (ICBA) as an alternative ETM in the planar n-i-p-structured PSCs. After modifying the ICBA layer, we not only improved the optimum performance and stability of the device, but also study its influence on the device operation using impedance spectroscopy, and finally achieved a stabilized power conversion efficiency of 13.5%. Thereby, this study will establish lowtemperature ETM as an outstanding candidate for future high stability PSCs production due to its high performance, low process temperature and easy fabrication.
1 Introduction Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained widespread interest over the past decade as an emerging class of photovoltaics. Ever since the early breakthroughs in the field [1, 2], organo-metallic halide perovskite (OMHP) materials has been intensely investigated for photovoltaic applications leading to an accelerated progress and ultimately achieving a record certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.7% Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04167-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xizu Wang [email protected]‑star.edu.sg * Xiaohong Tang [email protected] 1
Center for OptoElectronics and Biophotonics, School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, #08‑03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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[3] in 2018, making them a prominent rival to the traditional silicon-based solar cells and already surpassing the more established thin film photovoltaic technologies based on cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). This preval
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