Luliconazole, a highly effective imidazole, against Fusarium species complexes
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ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION
Luliconazole, a highly effective imidazole, against Fusarium species complexes Maral Gharaghani1,2 · Sahar Hivary2 · Simin Taghipour2,3 · Ali Zarei‑Mahmoudabadi1,2 Received: 28 November 2019 / Accepted: 25 March 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Luliconazole is a new antifungal that was primarily used for the treatment of dermatophytosis. However, some studies have shown that it has excellent efficacy against Aspergillus and Candida species in vitro. The present study aimed to evaluate of luliconazole activity against some Fusarium species complex isolates. In this study, 47 isolates of Fusarium were tested against several antifungals including luliconazole. All species were identified using morphology features, and PCR sequenc‑ ing and antifungal susceptibility were performed according to CLSIM38 A3 guideline. Our results revealed that luliconazole has a very low minimum inhibitory concentration value (0.0078–1 µg/ml) in comparison with other tested antifungals. Amphotericin B had a poor effect with a high M IC90 (64 µg/ml), followed by terbinafine (32 µg/ml), posaconazole (16 µg/ ml), caspofungin (16 µg/ml), voriconazole (4 µg/ml), and itraconazole (4 µg/ml). Overall, our findings indicated that lulicona‑ zole has great activity against environmental and clinical Fusarium species complexes in comparison to tested antifungals. Keywords Fusarium · Luliconazole · Antifungal susceptibility
Introduction Luliconazole is a new antifungal, belonging to the imidazole class, with a high therapeutic effect on onychomycosis and tinea pedis [1–4]. It is similar to other common azole class and affects the biosynthesis of ergosterol with fewer side effects and greater potency. Furthermore, luliconazole has displayed a great in vitro activity against the most clinically important dermatophytes [5] opportunistic fungi such as black fungi [6], Aspergillus species complex [7–9], Fusarium species [10] and Candida species [11]. Although the topical form of luliconazole (LUZU™, Luliconazole cream, Edited by Volkhard A. J. Kempf. * Ali Zarei‑Mahmoudabadi [email protected] 1
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
3
Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
1%) is available for dermatophytosis, there is no systemic preparation of luliconazole. Fusarium species are widespread saprophytic fungi that were originally considered as phytopathogens; however, during the last decades, they have shifted to humans and animal diseases [12]. They are filamentous fungi with soil or air habitats, especially in tropical and subtropical climates. Out of 50 Fusarium species, 12 species are responsible for human and animal infections [13]. Neocosmospora (Fusarium) sola
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