Molecular diversity of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex from maize
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Molecular diversity of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex from maize Emilia Jabłońska & Krzysztof Piątek & Marcin Wit Ewa Mirzwa-Mróz & Wojciech Wakuliński
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Accepted: 29 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to estimate genetic relationship and diversity of Fusarium species associated with pink ear rot of maize. Three Fusarium species – F. verticillioides, F. temperatum and F. subglutinans sensu stricto were collected from contaminated corn kernels. A collection of 41 randomly selected Fusarium isolates (16 F. verticillioides, 16 F. temperatum and nine F. subglutinans sensu stricto) was screened for polymorphism with thirty decamer primers. Seventeen primers that had generated a high number of polymorphic loci were used for the analysis of genetic diversity. The primers yielded a total of 146 polymorphic loci, an average of 8.59 polymorphic bands per primer. The percentage of polymorphic bands (%P) was 46.1%. The RAPD-based UPGMA analysis demonstrated that although F. temperatum and F. subglutinans s.s. form two distinct groups they are more similar to each other than to F. verticillioides. Fusarium verticillioides was the most heterogenous species (Nei’s genetic diversity 0.180), while the least heterogenous one was F. subglutinans s.s. whose genetic diversity was 0.098. The analysis of the translation elongation factor 1-α and β-tubulin gene sequences as well as the mating type ratio were employed to support the RAPD data.
E. Jabłońska (*) : K. Piątek : M. Wit : E. Mirzwa-Mróz : W. Wakuliński Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Fusarium fujikuroi species complex . Genetic diversity . Pink ear rot of maize . Random amplified polymorphic DNA
Introduction Fusarium ear rot of maize, called also pink ear rot, is an economically important fungal disease commonly occurring in areas where maize is cultivated. The disease results in yield losses and the reduction of grain quality. A major economic threat is associated with this disease as Fusarium species possess the ability to synthesize mycotoxins in affected plants. The mycotoxins produced by these fungi are regarded as a potential threat to human and animal health (Voss et al. 2007; Desjardins 2006) and have a phytotoxic effect on plants as well (Lamprecht et al. 1994). The fumonisins are considered to be the most hazardous type due to their general toxicity and possible carcinogenicity to humans (Rheeder et al. 1992; IARC 1993). The occurrence of Fusarium ear rot – due to the prevalence, pathogenicity and toxigenic potential of its causative agents – is associated with significant economic losses in the world maize production (Logrieco and Visconti 2004; Wu 2007). Fusarium ear rot is caused by several Fusarium species, including members of Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC). In maize-growing areas of Poland the predominant species are: F. temperatum and F. s
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