Lung cancer risk associated with residential proximity to industrial installations: a spatial analysis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Lung cancer risk associated with residential proximity to industrial installations: a spatial analysis M. F. Lo´pez-Cima • J. Garcı´a-Pe´rez • B. Pe´rez-Go´mez • N. Aragone´s • G. Lo´pez-Abente T. Pascual • A. Tardo´n • M. Polla´n
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Received: 6 November 2011 / Revised: 25 March 2012 / Accepted: 16 April 2012 / Published online: 12 April 2013 Ó Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2013
Abstract Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death and thus a major public health problem. While lung cancer frequency might be partially attributable to smoking habit and occupational exposure, the role of industrial pollution also needs to be assessed. To ascertain the possible effect of residential proximity to industrial installations on lung cancer risk in Asturias, an industrial region in Spain, taking into account the type of industrial activity and carcinogenic substances released. We conducted a hospital-based case–control study covering 700 lung cancer patients and 700 controls recruited in Asturias, matched individually by ethnicity, hospital, age,
M. F. Lo´pez-Cima and J. Garcı´a-Pe´rez contributed equally to this study. A. Tardo´n and M. Polla´n contributed equally to the design of the study. M. F. Lo´pez-Cima (&) J. Garcı´a-Pe´rez B. Pe´rez-Go´mez N. Aragone´s G. Lo´pez-Abente M. Polla´n Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain e-mail: [email protected] M. F. Lo´pez-Cima J. Garcı´a-Pe´rez B. Pe´rez-Go´mez N. Aragone´s G. Lo´pez-Abente A. Tardo´n M. Polla´n CIBER en Epidemiologı´a y Salud Pu´blica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain M. F. Lo´pez-Cima A. Tardo´n Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer Unit, University Institute of Oncology, University of Oviedo, C/Fernando Bongera, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain T. Pascual Pneumology Department, Cabuen˜es Hospital, Cabuen˜es, s/n, 33394 Gijo´n, Spain
and sex. Distances were computed from the respective participants’ residential locations to the 48 industrial facilities governed by the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Act 16/2002 and included in the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, and located in the study areas. Using logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were calculated and adjusted for sex, age, hospital area, tobacco consumption, family history of cancer, area of residence, and occupation. Excess risk of lung cancer was observed for individuals living near industrial installations (OR = 1.43; 95 % CI = 1.08–1.89), particularly metal industries (OR = 1.40; 95 % CI = 1.05–1.87), cement plants (OR = 4.81; 95 % CI = 1.20–19.19), and shipyards (OR = 1.69; 95 % CI = 1.17–2.43). Residents living close to industrial facilities releasing dioxins displayed a high, though nonstatistically significant, excess risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.62; 95 % CI = 0.86–3.07). This study suggests a possible association between lung cancer risk and proximity to industrial installatio
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