Magnesium-based Biodegradable Materials for Biomedical Applications
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MRS Advances © 2018 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2018.488
Magnesium-based Biodegradable Materials for Biomedical Applications Chaoxing Zhang1, Jiajia Lin1, Huinan Liu1,2,3,4,* 1Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
2Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
3Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
4Stem Cell Center, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
ABSTRACT
Magnesium (Mg)-based biomaterials have attracted increasing attention in biomedical applications, such as orthopaedic, cardiovascular, urological, and neural applications because of the biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial properties, and excellent mechanical properties. However, rapid degradation of Mg is the major concern for many clinical applications. Alloying Mg with other elements and engineering proper surfaces are the two approaches to control the degradation of Mg-based biomaterials. Our lab has investigated several classes of Mg-based biodegradable alloys and various surface treatment methods for medical implant and device applications. This mini-review highlights key research progress on Mg-based biomaterials and suggests future directions for Mg-based biomaterials.
INTRODUCTION Magnesium (Mg)-based biomaterials provide attractive properties for biomedical applications, such as orthopaedic [1, 2], cardiovascular [3], urological [4] and neural applications [5, 6]. In the human body, Mg reacts with water and naturally degrades, which eliminates the necessity of a secondary removal procedure for an implant [7]. The degradation products of Mg, i.e. Mg2+ ions, could activate or catalyse over 300 kinds of enzymes and are needed for many metabolic processes in the human body [3]. For orthopaedic device applications, Mg2+ ions could promote bone growth by accelerating the adhesion of bone cells to apatite [8].
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Moreover, the density and mechanical properties of Mg are closer to those of cortical bone [9], which could reduce the stress-shielding associated issues and improve bone healing [10]. Excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility and mechanical properties also make Mg a good candidate material for cardiovascular stents. Furthermore, Mg alloys showed attractive antimicrobial properties for ureteral stent application [4]. Lastly, Mg could be used as an electrode material for neural recording and stimulation applications because of its conductivity and neuro-protective effect of Mg2+ ions [5]. However, the application of Mg-based materials
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