Maintaining natural and traditional cultural green infrastructures across Europe: learning from historic and current lan
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Maintaining natural and traditional cultural green infrastructures across Europe: learning from historic and current landscape transformations Per Angelstam . Michael Manton . Taras Yamelynets . Mariia Fedoriak . Andra-Cosmina Albulescu . Felipe Bravo . Fatima Cruz . Bogdan Jaroszewicz . Marika Kavtarishvili . Jose Mun˜oz-Rojas . Frans Sijtsma . Carla-Leanne Washbourne . Mauro Agnoletti . Denis Dobrynin . Zita Izakovicova . Nicklas Jansson . Robert Kanka . Leena Kopperoinen . Marius Lazdinis . Marc Metzger . ¨ zut . Dori Pavloska Gjorgieska . Bert van der Moolen . Deniz O Natalie Stryamets . Ahmet Tolunay . Turkay Turkoglu . Asiya Zagidullina Received: 4 July 2020 / Accepted: 18 November 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Context Maintaining functional green infrastructures (GIs) require evidence-based knowledge about historic and current states and trends of representative land cover types. Objectives We address: (1) the long-term loss and transformation of potential natural forest vegetation; (2) the effects of site productivity on permanent forest
loss and emergence of traditional cultural landscapes; (3) the current management intensity; and (4) the social-ecological contexts conducive to GI maintenance . Methods We selected 16 case study regions, each with a local hotspot landscape, ranging from intact forest landscapes, via contiguous and fragmented forest covers, to severe forest loss. Quantitative open access data were used to estimate (i) the historic change and (ii) transformation of land covers, and (iii) compare the forest canopy loss from 2000 to 2018.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01161-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. P. Angelstam (&) School for Forest Management, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 43, 73921 Skinnskatteberg, Sweden e-mail: [email protected] M. Manton Faculty of Forest Science and Ecology, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu 11, Kaunas District, 53361 Akademija, Lithuania e-mail: [email protected] T. Yamelynets Faculty of Geography, Ivan Franko National University, Doroshenko Street 41, Lviv 79000, Ukraine e-mail: [email protected]
M. Fedoriak Department of Ecology and Biomonitoring, Chernivtsi National University, 2 Kotsyubynski Street, Chernivtsi 58029, Ukraine e-mail: [email protected] A.-C. Albulescu Department of Geography, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Ias¸ i, Bd. Carol I no. 11, 700506 Ias¸ i, Romania e-mail: [email protected] F. Bravo Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute iuFOR, University of Valladolid, Campus de la Yutera. Av. de Madrid 44, 34071 Palencia, Spain e-mail: [email protected]
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Landscape Ecol
Qualitative narratives about each hotspot landscape were analysed for similarities (iv). Results While the potential natural forest vegetation cover in the
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