Maintenance Theory of Reliability

The maintenance of systems in engineering is of increasing concern to managers and designers in all branches of engineering, whether they are producing high-quality products or designing highly-reliable systems. In recent decades, reliability theory has p

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Series Editor Professor Hoang Pham Department of Industrial Engineering Rutgers The State University of New Jersey 96 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway, NJ 08854-8018 USA

Other titles in this series Universal Generating Function in Reliability Analysis and Optimization Gregory Levitin Warranty Management and Product Manufacture D.N.P. Murthy and Wallace R. Blischke System Software Reliability H. Pham

Toshio Nakagawa

Maintenance Theory of Reliability With 27 Figures

Professor Toshio Nakagawa Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yaguasa-cho, Toyota 470-0392, Japan

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Nakagawa, Toshio Maintenance theory of reliability. — (Springer series in reliability engineering) 1. Maintainability (Engineering) 2. Reliability (Engineering) 3. Maintenance I. Title 620′.0045 ISBN 185233939X Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nakagawa, Toshio, 1942– Maintenance theory of reliability/Toshio Nakagawa. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-85233-939-X 1. Reliability (Engineering) I. Title. TA169.N354 2005 620′.00452—dc22 2005042766 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. Springer Series in Reliability Engineering series ISSN 1614-7839 ISBN-10: 1-85233-939-X ISBN-13: 978-1-85233-939-5 Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2005 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Typesetting: Output-ready by the author Printed in the United States of America (SBA) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed on acid-free paper

Preface

Many serious accidents have happened in the world where systems have been large-scale and complex, and have caused heavy damage and a social sense of instability. Furthermore, advanced nations have almost finished public infrastructure and rushed into a maintenance period. Maintenance will be more important than production, manufacture, and construction, that is, more maintenance for environmental considerations and for the protection of natural resources. From now on, the importance of maintenance will increase more and more. In the past four decades, valuable contributions to maintenance policies in relia