Manipulating the Deformation of Swelling Hydrogel Models by Microparticles
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Manipulating the Deformation of Swelling Hydrogel Models by Microparticles Tzu‑Han Ma1 · Wei‑Chun Wang1 · Ming‑Wen Sue3 · Chang‑Wei Huang2 · Nien‑Ti Tsou1 Received: 8 December 2019 / Revised: 19 May 2020 / Accepted: 27 June 2020 © Korean Multi-Scale Mechanics (KMSM) 2020
Abstract In recent years, the improvement of biomedical materials and their applications have gained much interest and been broadly discussed. Hydrogel, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), is one of the applications with the greatest potential, such as cell culture, and studied by many researchers. In this study, a system consisting of GelMA film and the microparticles which can be aligned by applying an electric field is developed. The alignment of the microparticles can alter the curvature of the GelMA substrate. The proposed system which provides the mechanical stimulus to the cell attached on the system due to different deformation curvatures can be used as a carrier of cell culture. In order to reveal the relationship between the alignment of the microparticles and the resulting curvature, a user-defined element subroutine in the commercial finite element software package ABAQUS to predict the mechanical behavior, especially the curvature of the GelMA substrates, is developed. Different patterns of microparticles are simulated and the predicted curvatures of the GelMA substrates are compared with those measured in experiments, having good agreements. The results are expected to provide design guidance to the novel tissue engineering system, which is beneficial to the field of organ and tissue regeneration. Keywords Hydrogel · GelMA · Swelling · Cell-differentiation
Introduction The process of cell-differentiation of stems is complicated and sensitive. Stem cells differentiated into different types due to different kinds of environmental stimuli (e.g. force, temperature, pH). Recently, hydrogel has been widely used as substrates of in vitro stem cell development (Campo et al. 2019; Liaw et al. 2018). Due to the reason that hydrogels are very similar to natural tissues. They also have special physical features, such as large volumetric change of swelling, * Chang‑Wei Huang [email protected] * Nien‑Ti Tsou [email protected] 1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Ta Hsueh Road, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Pei Road, 320 Taoyuan, Taiwan
3
Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Bioresource Collection and Research Center, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan
biocompatibility, porous structures which allow the migration of the drugs and particles (Hoare and Kohane 2008). Hydrogel is regarded as an attractive applications in biotechnology and medicine (Kang and Huang 2010). One of the most useful application of hydrogels is to synthesize tissue for repairing the damaged organ (Li and Guan 2011). Such organ and cell engineering require fully control on the morphology and differentiation of stem cells. In the liter
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