MAPbI 3-x Cl x mixed halide perovskite for hybrid solar cells: the role of chloride as dopant on the transport and struc
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MAPbI3-xClx mixed halide perovskite for hybrid solar cells: the role of chloride as dopant on the transport and structural properties Silvia Colella,1 Edoardo Mosconi,2 Paolo Fedeli,3 Andrea Listorti,1, 4 Aurora Rizzo,1 Francesco Gazza,3 Fabio Orlandi,3, 5 Patrizia Ferro,3 Tullo Besagni,3 Gianluca Calestani,3, 5 Filippo De Angelis2, Roberto Mosca3 and Giuseppe Gigli1, 4, 6 1
NNL – National Nanotechnology Laboratory, CNR Istituto Nanoscienze, Distretto Tecnologico, Via Arnesano 16, 73100 Lecce, Italy 2 Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), CNR-ISTM, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, I-06123, Italy. 3 IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37a, I-43124 Parma, Italy 4 Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnology - Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), ITALY 5 Department of Chemistry GIAF, University of Parma, via Usberti 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy 6
Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”, Universita’ del Salento, Via per
Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy ABSTRACT Hybrid halide perovskites represent one of the most promising solutions toward the fabrication of all solid nanostructured solar cells with improved efficiency and long-term stability. This article aims at investigating the structural properties of the iodide/chloride mixedhalide perovskites and correlating them with the photovoltaic performances of the related sensitized solar cells. We found out that, independently on the components ratio in the precursor solution, Cl incorporation, in a I-based structure, is possible only at relatively low concentration levels (below 3-4%). However, even if the material band-gap remains substantially unchanged, incorporation of Cl as a dopant dramatically improves the charge transport within the perovskite layer, explaining the outstanding performances of meso-superstructured solar cells based on this material. INTRODUCTION Finding viable alternatives to silicon-based photovoltaics, through low-cost solution processable materials, is crucial, facing as we are, a complex transition out of the fossil fuelled civilization. In this scenario, the utilization in nanostructured solid-state solar cells of an underexplored eclectic class of materials, the hybrid halide perovskites, has represented a field breakthrough, allowing novel device architectures leading to record device performances up to 15%,[1] thus holding the promise of cost effective solar energy production. Among the first results of the pioneer reports on perovskites-based solar cells, probably the most intriguing discover concerned the application of a iodide/chloride mixed-halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3xClx in a so called “meso-superstructured” Solid State Solar Cell, where the perovskite is
concomitantly capable of both absorbing light and transporting charge within a mesoporous network.[2] This mixed system has recently been spectroscopically studied [3, 4] and compared to the I-based perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) and interesting differences have been reported, some of them leading to hypothesi
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