Marine Algal Bloom: Characteristics, Causes and Climate Change Impacts
In the marine environment, single-celled, microscopic, plant-like organisms naturally occur in the well-lit surface layer of any body of water. These organisms, referred to as phytoplankton or microalgae, form the base of the food web upon which nearly al
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Marine Algal Bloom: Characteristics, Causes and Climate Change Impacts
Marine Algal Bloom: Characteristics, Causes and Climate Change Impacts
Santosh Kumar Sarkar
Marine Algal Bloom: Characteristics, Causes and Climate Change Impacts
Santosh Kumar Sarkar Department of Marine Science University of Calcutta Calcutta, India
ISBN 978-981-10-8260-3 ISBN 978-981-10-8261-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8261-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018939150 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Dedicated to my parents
Preface
Algal blooms, a recurrent phenomenon in freshwater and marine environment, have been of major global interest as this biological nuisance brings a tremendous negative impact on the primary productivity and sustenance of other pelagic organisms. The occurrence of bloom is triggered by eutrophication, i.e., enrichment with chemical nutrients, typically total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP). There is utmost need for better understanding of the effects of algal blooms on seafood quality, the complex physicochemical and biological interactions and subsequent trophodynamics in order to develop the strategy for effective coastal zone management. The book will provide a wealth of exhaustive information encompassing wide spectrum of important and upgraded topics relevant to algal blooms in regional and global scale. The book endeavors to exemplify the characteristics and causes of algal blooms, presenting very basic concepts of this phenomenon (such as Redfield ratio, eutrophication, hypoxia, upwelling, and downwelling) as well as illustrative and
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