Marine-derived fungi as a source of bioactive indole alkaloids with diversified structures
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Marine‑derived fungi as a source of bioactive indole alkaloids with diversified structures Zhi‑Hui Meng1 · Tian‑Tian Sun1 · Guo‑Zheng Zhao1 · Yu‑Fei Yue1 · Qing‑Hua Chang1 · Hua‑Jie Zhu1 · Fei Cao1 Received: 19 May 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 © Ocean University of China 2020
Abstract Marine-derived fungi are well known as rich sources of bioactive natural products. Growing evidences indicated that indole alkaloids, isolated from a variety of marine-derived fungi, have attracted considerable attention for their diverse, challenging structural complexity and promising bioactivities, and therefore, indole alkaloids have potential to be pharmaceutical lead compounds. Systemic compilation of the relevant literature. In this review, we demonstrated a comprehensive overview of 431 new indole alkaloids from 21 genera of marine-derived fungi with an emphasis on their structures and bioactivities, covering literatures published during 1982–2019. Keywords Indole alkaloid · Marine-derived fungus · Chemical diversity · Bioactivity
Introduction Marine-derived fungi have been known to play a vital role in acquiring drug precursors with novel skeletons and bioactivities, whose metabolites have important application prospects in pharmaceutical research and development by virtue of their structural diversity, high multi-target activities and low toxic side effects (Cao et al. 2020; Liu et al. 2019; Molinski et al. 2009). In particular, fungal alkaloids, as one type of the nitrogen-containing natural products, are mainly derived from amino acid metabolism and the mevalonate pathway (Urban et al. 2000). As an unexploited treasure trove, alkaloids are usually present in a fungus as a mixture consisting of several major or a few minor compounds with the same biosynthetic origin (Dembitsky et al. 2005; Kita et al. 2005).
Edited by Chengchao Chen. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-020-00072-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Fei Cao [email protected] 1
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
Marine-derived indole alkaloids have been by far the largest number of heterocyclic alkaloids, which have proven to be rich source of natural products with unique structures and abundant biological activities. Particularly, it has been proven that marine indole alkaloids may act on serotonin receptors to regulate neural activity, which suggested that this group of compounds might possess important research value in targeting neural receptors (Macedo et al. 2011). Notably, the majority of the antidepressant drugs on the market currently act on the amine neurotransmitter system. For instance, gelliusines A and B produced by marine Orina sp. significantly inhibit ligand binding (on neuropeptide Y receptor and human B2 bradykinin receptor sites) (Bifulco et al. 1995; Kochanowska-Karamyan and Hamann 2010). The structural similarity
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