Polypore fungi of Caucasian alder as a source of antioxidant and antitumor agents
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Polypore fungi of Caucasian alder as a source of antioxidant and antitumor agents Vahide Payamnoor1 • Mohammad Reza Kavosi1 • Jamile Nazari1
Received: 21 May 2018 / Accepted: 9 October 2018 Ó Northeast Forestry University 2019
Abstract Macroscopic fungi on Caucasian alder wood (Alnus subcordata) were identified and tested as a source of betulin and betulinic acid (the most important metabolites of the Betulaceae family) to evaluate levels of phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Ganoderma applanatum, Lenzites betulina, Trichaptum biforme, Rigidoporus ulamrius, Fomes fomentarius, Schizophyllum commune, Auricularia mesenterica, and Trametes versicolor were among those identified, and they differed significantly in the level of betulin and betulinic acid and phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant properties in fungal tissues extracted with methanol and with ethanol (p B 0.01). G. applanatum had the most betulin (3.642%) and S. commune the most betulinic acid (1.413%). All tested fungi had high antioxidant activity, and L. betulina had the highest (97.775%). The highest amounts of phenol (719.993 mg mL-1) and flavonoids (361.403 mg mL-1) were found in the ethanolic extract from G. applanatum. Considering the results of this study and the low cost and convenient access to these fungi, they should be good sources for producing different drugs.
Project funding: The work was supported by Gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources - grant no. 93-323-28. The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Tao Xu. & Vahide Payamnoor [email protected] 1
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 098 Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
Keywords Fungi Alder Betulin Betulinic acid Antioxidant
Introduction Many fungi produce compounds that have medically useful properties such as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antiviral (Ajith and Janardhanan 2007) and are widely used as antibiotics, exo-enzymes, mycotoxins, etc. in various industries (Saadatmand 2007). Fungi such as polypores that grow on different trees absorb and use metabolites from these trees (Faass 2012) and are a major source of pharmacologically active substances. Ganoderma lucidum for example, has high levels of antioxidant and biologically active compounds, consisting mainly of polysaccharides and terpenoids, that have anticancer properties, can modulate the immune system, and are therapeutic against HIV (Lin 2005; Paterson 2006; Kao et al. 2013; Barbieri et al. 2017). Aqueous extracts from this fungus also contain saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and steroids (Manasseh et al. 2012). Schizophyllum commune (Agaricales) produces triterpenoid saponins (Wu et al. 2012), antibacterial phthalic acid (Joel and Bhimba 2013) and antifungal compounds (Teoh and Don 2013). Antiviral activity against type A influenza virus of birds and humans has also been reported for compounds from Daedaleopsis confragosa, Datronia mollis, Ischnoderma benzoinum, Laricifomes
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