Marine-Derived Fungi: Potential Candidates for Fungal Nanobiotechnology
Due to unique properties, gold and silver nanoparticles (GNPs and AgNPs, respectively) have wide applications in diverse fields like biomedicine, catalysis, imaging and photonics, solar energy conversion and nanoelectronics etc. and hence, are in great de
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Marine-Derived Fungi: Potential Candidates for Fungal Nanobiotechnology Anjana K. Vala, Hiral B. Trivedi, and Bharti P. Dave Abstract Due to unique properties, gold and silver nanoparticles (GNPs and AgNPs, respectively) have wide applications in diverse fields like biomedicine, catalysis, imaging and photonics, solar energy conversion and nanoelectronics etc. and hence, are in great demand. Available physicochemical synthesis protocols generally face limitations like high cost, polluting nature, and also have restricted use in clinical and pharma applications. In order to overcome these limitations, biosynthesis of nanoparticles could be a promising alternative. While it has been suggested that initiatives should be taken for exploitation of marine microbial resources in the area of nanobiotechnology, despite the unique traits of marine-derived fungi, they are comparatively less explored for biosynthesis of GNPs and AgNPs. Though a few, available reports suggest marine-derived fungi as promising candidates for such purpose. Recent reports on observation of the laser speckle pattern and weak localization of light by AgNPs and GNPs biosynthesized by marine-derived fungi assert their novel application potentialities.
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Introduction
Nanotechnology is considered as cutting edge technology today. Though considered as one of the recent branches of modern science, nanotechnology is in practice since ancient times. Nano level preparations of gold (swarna bhasma) was widely used in ancient Indian medical system (Ayurveda) (Rimal Isac et al. 2013). In ninth century silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and GNPs, respectively) were used for generating glittering effect on pots (Prathna et al. 2010). Michael Faraday (1857) had provided the first scientific description of properties of nanoparticles in paper entitled “Experimental relations of gold (and other metals) to light”. After more than 100 years from this, the first talk on nanotechnology was
A.K. Vala (*) • H.B. Trivedi • B.P. Dave (*) Department of Life Sciences, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar 364 002, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 R. Prasad (ed.), Advances and Applications Through Fungal Nanobiotechnology, Fungal Biology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42990-8_3
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given by Richard Feynman in 1959. But the conceptual revolution was started in 1981, when Eric Drexler published first paper on nanotechnology (Drexler 1981; Prathna et al. 2010). Nanomaterials/nanoparticles are one of the integral components of nanotechnology.
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Classification of Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles can be classified in to two broad groups: (a) organic nanoparticles e.g. carbon nanotubes and (b) inorganic nanoparticles e.g. magnetic nanoparticles, noble metal nanoparticles (gold and silver nanoparticles) and semiconductor nanoparticles (cadmium sulfide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide).
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Strategies Employed for Synthesizing Nanoparticles
Unique properties of metal nanoparticles a
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