Marine Renewable Energy in the Greek Seas
The objective of this chapter is to present and discuss the various aspects that are directly related to marine renewable energy development in the Greek Seas with the aim of describing the current status and identifying future potential conflicts and cha
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 The Characteristics of the Greek Seas 2.1 Geomorphological Characteristics 2.2 Oceanographic and Atmospheric Characteristics 2.3 Ecological Characteristics 2.4 Economic Activities 3 Marine Renewable Energy Resources in the Greek Seas 3.1 Offshore Wind Energy 3.2 Wave Energy 3.3 Tidal and Current Energy 3.4 Offshore Solar Energy 4 Key Considerations for Marine Renewable Energy Development in the Greek Seas 4.1 Technical Considerations 4.2 Environmental Considerations 4.3 Socioeconomic Considerations 5 Recommendations References
T. Soukissian (*) and H. Kontoyiannis Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] F. Karathanasi Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece e-mail: [email protected] K. Belibassakis School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece e-mail: kbel@fluid.mech.ntua.gr Christos L. Anagnostou, Andrey G. Kostianoy, Ilias D. Mariolakos, Panayotis Panayotidis, Marina Soilemezidou, and Grigoris Tsaltas (eds.), The Aegean Sea Environment: Anthropogenic Presence and Impact, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_680, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
T. Soukissian et al.
Abstract The objective of this chapter is to present and discuss the various aspects that are directly related to marine renewable energy development in the Greek Seas with the aim of describing the current status and identifying future potential conflicts and challenges. In order to assess the spatial context in which marine renewable energy technologies could be installed in Greece, some key factors are addressed. Specifically, the geomorphological and metocean characteristics are discussed along with the most prevalent economic activities encountered in the area of interest. The marine resource availability indicates that specific forms of marine renewable energy are favourable for exploitation in the Greek Seas based on the current technological status, while an integrated approach should be considered for the compilation of the main drivers that can activate marine renewable energy projects in the near future. Some suggestions and guidelines are also provided including policy, funding and legislation issues for the efficient exploitation of the marine resources. Keywords Aegean and Ionian seas, Environmental effects, Marine spatial planning, Offshore solar energy, Offshore wind energy, Recommendations for marine energy development, Tidal/current energy, Wave energy
1 Introduction After the Paris Agreement on climate change, the binding energy targets for 2030 (e.g. increase of renewables’ share by 32%, reduction of greenhouse gas emission by 40%, increase of energy efficiency by 32.5%) have contributed to policies and strategy plans among the EU countries in order to achieve these commitments. In this context, Greece has entere
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