Mastering Physics

This new edition of Mastering Physics has been completely updated and rewritten to give all the information needed to learn and master the essentials of physics. It is a self-contained, clearly explained course for individual study or classroom use which

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Physics

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Macmillan Master Series Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-69343-8 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England

Mastering

Physics Fourth Edition

Martin Harrison Frank McKim Founding authors: John Keighley and Frank McKim

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MACMILLAN

© H.J. Keighley, F. R. McKim, A. Clark, M.J. Harrison, 1982, 1984, 1986 © M. J. Harrison, F. R. McKim, 1999 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their right to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 1999 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-333-69874-7

ISBN 978-1-349-14553-9 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-14553-9

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Contents

Preface to the first edition Preface to the fourth edition Acknowledgements Introduction 1

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Handling materials 1.1 I