Materials for lithium recovery from salt lake brine
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Materials for lithium recovery from salt lake brine Ping Xu1, Jun Hong1,2, Xiaoming Qian3, Zhiwei Xu3, Hong Xia4,5, Xuchen Tao2, Zhenzhen Xu6,*, and Qing-Qing Ni4,5,* 1
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan College of Textile and Garments, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China 3 State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textiles, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China 4 Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China 5 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan 6 International Cooperation Research Center of Textile Structural Composites, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China 2
Received: 25 March 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 28 June 2020
Rapid developments in the electric industry have promoted an increasing demand for lithium resources. Lithium in salt lake brines has emerged as the main source for industrial lithium extraction, owing to its low cost and extensive reserves. The effective separation of Mg2? and Li? is critical to achieving high recovery efficiency and purity of the final lithium product. This paper summarizes Mg2?/Li? separation materials and methods in the field of lithium recovery from salt lake brines. The review begins with an introduction to the global distribution and demand for lithium resources, followed by a description of the materials used in various separation techniques, including precipitation, adsorption, solvent extraction, nanofiltration membrane, electrodialysis, and electrochemical methods. A comparison, analysis, and outlook of such methods are comprehensively discussed in terms of principles, mechanisms, synthesis/operation, development, and industrial applications. We conclude with a presentation of challenges and insights into the future directions of lithium extraction from salt lake brines. A combination of the advantages of various materials is the most logical step toward developing novel methods for extracting lithium from brines with high separation selectivity, stability, low cost, and environmentally friendly characteristics.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05019-1
J Mater Sci
Introduction Lithium is the lightest metal element and has been proved to possess several excellent characteristics, such as extremely high electrochemical activity, high specific heat capacity, and a low thermal expansion coefficient [1–4]. Lithium metal and lithium compounds have been widely applied in commercial fields due to their excellent physical and chemical properties, and the demand for lithium has rapidly accelerated in recent years [4–7]. According to the current data of global lithium resources in the enduse market surveyed by the US Geological Survey [8]
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