Maternal exposure to psychosocial job strain during pregnancy and behavioral problems in the 11-year-old children: a Dan
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Maternal exposure to psychosocial job strain during pregnancy and behavioral problems in the 11‑year‑old children: a Danish cohort study Camilla Sandal Sejbaek1 · Janni Niclasen2,3 · Jens Peter E. Bonde4,5 · Petter Kristensen6 · Ann Dyreborg Larsen1 · Vivi Schlünssen1,7 · Karin Sørig Hougaard1,5 Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Maternal psychosocial stress may impact child neurodevelopment, but little is known regarding psychosocial job strain. We hypothesized high psychosocial job strain during pregnancy was associated with behavioural problems in the 11-year-old children. Mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002) were included if they worked, provided information on job strain [Karasek’s model: high job strain (often job demand/seldom job control) and passive (seldom or sometimes job demands/seldom job control)] during early pregnancy. At the 11-year follow-up, children (N = 30,592), mothers (N = 30,993), and teachers (N = 12,810) responded to the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a screening tool for child behaviour. Scores for hyperactivity, conduct, emotional and peer problems were dichotomised [80% (no) vs. 20% (yes)] according to Danish norms (yes/no). Maternal job strain was not associated with behavioural problems with teachers as informants. When assessed by child or mother, high maternal job strain increased risk of child behavioural problems, but risks were more pronounced for mothers in passive jobs [maternal assessment of total difficulties/odds ratio (95% confidence interval): high strain—girls: 1.16 (0.97–1.40); boys: 1.24 (1.02–1.50). Passive girls: 1.43 (1.21–1.68); boys: 1.25 (1.05–1.49)]. This is one of the first studies on this topic. The different types of maternal job strain were partly associated with child behavioural problems at 11 years; more so if mothers worked in passive rather than the hypothesized high strain jobs. Findings showing dependency on informant could not only indicate unmeasured confounding or rater’s bias, but also selection in the smaller numbers of teacher informants or different environments of interaction with the children. Keywords SDQ · Multi-informant · Rating by child, mother or teacher · Occupational · Prenatal stress
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01619-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Camilla Sandal Sejbaek [email protected] 1
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Section of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersoe Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Frederikshøj Skole- og Dagbehandling, Center for Socialpædagogik Og Psykiatri, Vanløse, Denmark
Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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Capital Region of Denmar
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