Maternal Influences on Fetal Neurodevelopment Clinical and Research
The study of maternal influences on the intrauterine environment as they relate to the developing fetal brain promises to be an important area of study. Findings in this area may make it possible to delineate the prenatal mechanisms that affect ongoing ce
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Andrew W. Zimmerman Susan L. Connors ●
Editors
Maternal Influences on Fetal Neurodevelopment Clinical and Research Aspects
Editors Andrew W. Zimmerman Director of Medical Research Center for Autism and Related Disorders Kennedy Krieger Institute Associate Professor of Neurology Psychiatry and Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD USA [email protected]
Susan L. Connors Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Lurie Family Autism Center / LADDERS Clinic Massachusetts General Hospital for Children Instructor in Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-60327-920-8 e-ISBN 978-1-60327-921-5 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-921-5 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010933714 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibil-ity for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or im-plied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Novel Approaches into the Origins of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Fetal Physiology Foundation Over the past two decades, autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder that is defined by behavior and was once believed to be rare, became recognized in increasing numbers of children and recently received distinction as an “epidemic” [1]. While numbers of affected children have steadily increased, our knowledge is still insufficient to explain autism’s diverse causes and broad range of presentations. Despite remarkable progress in research, available medical diagnostic testing applies only to a small minority of affected children. Thus, scientifically based explanations with which physicians can diagnose and treat the majority of children with autism and advise their parents are quite limited. Our society and scientific community were unprepared for the rise in autism, which explains our present inability to understand most of its causes. Researchers in neurodevelopmental disorders have long been aware of other disorders tha
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