Maximum growing depth of submerged macrophytes in European lakes
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WATER BODIES IN EUROPE
Maximum growing depth of submerged macrophytes in European lakes Martin Søndergaard • Geoff Phillips • Seppo Hellsten • Agnieszka Kolada • Frauke Ecke • Helle Ma¨emets • Marit Mjelde • Mattia M. Azzella • Alessandro Oggioni
Received: 21 August 2012 / Accepted: 5 November 2012 / Published online: 23 November 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012
Abstract Submerged macrophytes are important elements for the structure and functioning of lake ecosystems. In this study, we used chemical and maximum colonisation depth (C_max) data from 12 European countries in order to investigate how suitable C_max may describe the impact by eutrophication. The analyses include data from 757 lakes and
Guest editors: C. K. Feld, A. Borja, L. Carvalho & D. Hering / Water bodies in Europe: integrative systems to assess ecological status and recovery M. Søndergaard (&) Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark e-mail: [email protected] G. Phillips Environment Agency, Kings Meadow House, Kings Meadow Road, Reading RG1 8DQ, UK S. Hellsten SYKE, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 413, 90014 Oulu, Finland A. Kolada Department of Freshwater Assessment Methods and Monitoring, Institute of Environmental Protection, National Research Institute, Krucza 5/11D, 00-548 Warsaw, Poland
919 lake years covering oligotrophic to eutrophic lakes. Overall, C_max was closely related to Secchi depth (R2 = 0.58) and less closely to chlorophyll a (R2 = 0.31), TP (R2 = 0.31) and total nitrogen, TN (R2 = 0.24). The low coefficients of determination between C_max and nutrient concentrations suggest that other response factors than nutrientphytoplankton-light conditions are important for C_max and that it will be difficult to establish strong relationships between external nutrient loading and C_max. Yearly monitoring for 13–16 years in eight H. Ma¨emets Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Res, Ctr Limnol, 61117 Tartumaa, Estonia M. Mjelde Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalle´en 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway M. M. Azzella Departement of Environmental Biology, La Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy A. Oggioni Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment CNR, IREA, UOS Milano Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy
F. Ecke Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Danish lakes showed considerable year-to-year variability in C_max, which for the individual lakes only related weakly to changes in Secchi depth. The use of C_max as an eutrophication indicator is especially relevant in not very shallow lakes (maximum depth [4–5 m), not too turbid lakes (C_max[1 m) and not very humic lakes (colour \60 mg Pt/l). Keywords Maximum colonisation depth Water framework directive Eutrophication Secchi depth Nutrients Humic lakes
Introduction Submerged macrophytes constitute an important component of lake ecosystems, and their presence has major implications
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