Measurement and Probability A Probabilistic Theory of Measurement wi

Measurement plays a fundamental role both in physical and behavioral sciences, as well as in engineering and technology: it is the link between abstract models and empirical reality and is a privileged method of gathering information from the real world.

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Giovanni Battista Rossi

Measurement and Probability A Probabilistic Theory of Measurement with Applications

Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology

Series editors Markys G. Cain, Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom Jirˇí Tesarˇ, Prague, Czech Republic Marijn van Veghel, JA Delft, The Netherlands

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/13337

Giovanni Battista Rossi

Measurement and Probability A Probabilistic Theory of Measurement with Applications

123

Giovanni Battista Rossi DIME Laboratorio di Misure Universita degli Studi di Genova Genova Italy

ISSN 2198-7807 ISSN 2198-7815 (electronic) ISBN 978-94-017-8824-3 ISBN 978-94-017-8825-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-8825-0 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014937275  Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

If you want to build a ship, don’t drum up the men to gather wood, divide the work and give orders. Instead, teach them to yearn for the vast and endless sea. Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, (1900–1944) ‘‘The Wisdom of the Sands’’

Preface

Measurement plays a fundamental role in both physical and behavioural sciences, as well as in engineering and technology, in that it acts a