Mechanical performance of glulam products made with Portuguese poplar
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ORIGINAL
Mechanical performance of glulam products made with Portuguese poplar Sandra R. S. Monteiro1 · Carlos Martins1 · Alfredo M. P. G. Dias1 · Helena Cruz2 Received: 13 September 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Due to its average mechanical properties, poplar, a fast-growing species, has been disfavored compared to stronger species for several decades. Wood-based products may help changing that perspective and thus, poplar has been gaining its market share for structural uses. A state-of-the-art review concerning the use of poplar to produce glued laminated products, with special focus on the use of Portuguese poplar, is presented. The Portuguese forest produces a great variety of species. The most common poplar species found in this country are Populus x canadensis, P. nigra L., and P. alba L. Despite its limited availability, and the market hesitation on its structural application, recent studies on poplar grown in the Portuguese forest showed its suitability for structural purposes. Glued laminated timber (GLT) beams made with this species revealed a very promising mechanical behavior. Bending strength tests evidenced a ductile behavior on more than 70% of the beams, which motivated deepening the study on the raw material used to produce those beams. To predict the mechanical behavior of such beams, a 3D numerical model was developed. The numerically predicted results were compared with the experimental ones, showing very good agreement between both approaches.
1 Introduction The relevance of poplar, once regarded as a weed tree unwanted in timber stands, has changed, mainly in the last decades. Shortages of the usual timber raw material (e.g. pine timber) or excessive demand of timber from the market or the industry, contributed to this (Balatinecz et al. 2001; Bier 1985; Fraanje 1998). The worldwide uneven distribution of poplar, amongst plantations (about 31.4 Mha) and * Sandra R. S. Monteiro [email protected] Carlos Martins [email protected] Alfredo M. P. G. Dias [email protected] Helena Cruz [email protected] 1
Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos–Pólo II da Universidade de Coimbra, 3030‑788 Coimbra, Portugal
Structures Department, Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Av. do Brasil, 101, 1700‑066 Lisboa, Portugal
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indigenous forests (about 54.5 Mha), has varied over time due to numerous factors, namely economic and biological ones. Despite the fact that about 98% of the poplar natural resources are concentrated in North America, Europe and Asia, currently they spread essentially over four countries: Canada with more than 39 Mha (21.8 Mha of plantations and 17.3 Mha of indigenous forests); Russian Federation with 25 Mha (indigenous forests); and USA and China with about 10 Mha each (FAO 2016). Back to the beginning of the last century, while poplar wood of good quality was abundan
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