Mechanical stimulation of human dermal fibroblasts regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines: potential insight into soft tis
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BMC Research Notes Open Access
RESEARCH NOTE
Mechanical stimulation of human dermal fibroblasts regulates pro‑inflammatory cytokines: potential insight into soft tissue manual therapies Aric Anloague1,2, Aaron Mahoney1,2, Oladipupo Ogunbekun1,2, Taylor A. Hiland1,2, William R. Thompson1,3,4, Bryan Larsen1, M. Terry Loghmani1,3,4, Julia M. Hum1,2 and Jonathan W. Lowery1,2,3*
Abstract Objective: Soft tissue manual therapies are commonly utilized by osteopathic physicians, chiropractors, physical therapists and massage therapists. These techniques are predicated on subjecting tissues to biophysical mechanical stimulation but the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) mediating these effects are poorly understood. Previous studies established an in vitro model system for examining mechanical stimulation of dermal fibroblasts and established that cyclical strain, intended to mimic overuse injury, induces secretion of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, mechanical strain intended to mimic soft tissue manual therapy reduces strain-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we sought to partially confirm and extend these reports and provide independent corroboration of prior results. Results: Using cultures of primary human dermal fibroblasts, we confirm cyclical mechanical strain increases levels of IL-6 and adding long-duration stretch, intended to mimic therapeutic soft tissue stimulation, after cyclical strain results in lower IL-6 levels. We also extend the prior work, reporting that long-duration stretch results in lower levels of IL-8. Although there are important limitations to this experimental model, these findings provide supportive evidence that therapeutic soft tissue stimulation may reduce levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Future work is required to address these open questions and advance the mechanistic understanding of therapeutic soft tissue stimulation. Keywords: Manual therapy, Osteopathic manipulative therapy, Massage, Soft tissue, Inflammation, Physiotherapy, Physical therapy, Myofascial release Introduction Soft tissue manual therapies such as massage and myofascial release are commonly utilized by osteopathic physicians, chiropractors, physical therapists and massage therapists [1–4]. These techniques are predicated on subjecting tissues to biophysical mechanical *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
stimulation [5, 6]. While the precise cellular and molecular mechanism(s) mediating these effects are poorly understood, the limited available evidence suggests that soft tissue manual therapy may reduce inflammation [6]. For instance, a series of studies established an in vitro model system for examining therapy-informed mechanical stimulation of human dermal fibroblasts, which are a cell type that resides in close approximation to vasculature and lymphatics and are recip
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