Medizinische Loci communes
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N.T.M. 21 (2013) 37–60 0036-6978/13/01037-24 DOI 10.1007/s00048-012-0084-7 Published online: 4 April 2013 2013 SPRINGER BASEL AG
Medizinische Loci communes Formen und Funktionen einer ärztlichen Aufzeichnungspraxis im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert Michael Stolberg Physicians’ Loci communes. Forms and Functions of Medical Commonplacing in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Commonplacing was one of the most widely practiced types of paper technology in the early modern period. Yet its place and function in medicine remain largely unexplored. Based on about two dozen manuscripts from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in which physicians used commonplacing to record excerpts from their reading as well as personal observations and ideas, this paper offers a first survey of the roles, forms and epistemic effects of medical commonplacing in the early modern period. Three principal types of commonplacing are identified, namely the systematic, the alphabetical and the sequential. The advantages and disadvantages of each type with regard to economy of space and time, flexibility, and order are pointed out. Among the potential epistemic effects of collecting and ordering information under ‘‘heads’’ are, in particular, a heightened awareness of contradictions between authors or observations on a specific topic, an appreciation for snippets of information as fact-like elements of knowledge inviting rearrangement, and a certain shift towards the notion of diseases as distinct entities endowed with specific, empirically observable properties. Keywords: Commonplacing, paper technology, early modern medicine, historical epistemology, disease entities
Schlüsselwörter: Loci communes, paper technology, frühneuzeitliche Medizin, historische Epistemologie, Krankheitseinheiten
Die Anfertigung wohlgeordneter Exzerpte und Notizen geho¨rte unter den Gebildeten der Fru¨hen Neuzeit zu den grundlegenden Kulturtechniken. Schon Schu¨ler wurden darin unterrichtet. Detaillierte Anleitungen wie die von Francesco Sacchini (1570–1625), Jeremias Drexel (1581–1638) und Vincent Placcius (1642–1699) erschienen im Druck (Sacchini 1614, Drexel 1638, Placcius 1689, Cevolini 2006). Solche Aufzeichnungs- und Exzerpierpraktiken und ihre Bedeutung fu¨r das fru¨hneuzeitliche information management haben in der ju¨ngeren historischen Forschung einige Aufmerksamkeit gefunden (Meinel 1995, Zedelmaier/Mulsow 2001, Blair 2003, 2004a, 2004b, 2010a, 2010b). Das Interesse an der Kulturgeschichte des Lesens hat sich hier fruchtbar mit neueren, im weiteren Sinne praxeologischen Ansa¨tzen in der
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Wissenschaftsgeschichte verbunden. Allerdings stu¨tzt sich die Forschung bislang fast ausschließlich auf die Analyse gedruckter Werke wie Jean Bodins Universae naturae theatrum oder Theodor Zwingers Theatrum vitae humanae, aus denen man in Ann Blairs Worten mittelbare Aufschlu¨sse ,,about the methods of note taking from which they were composed‘‘ zu gewinnen sucht (Blair 2004b: 95). Insbesondere fu¨r den Bereich von Naturgeschichte un
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