Melamine-based polyol containing phosphonate and alkynyl groups and its application in rigid polyurethane foam
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Melamine-based polyol containing phosphonate and alkynyl groups and its application in rigid polyurethane foam Daikun Jia1,2, Jianxiao Yang1, Jiyu He1,*, Xiangmei Li1,*, and Rongjie Yang1 1
National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China 2 Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Xiehe Street, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610213, People’s Republic of China
Received: 19 April 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 27 August 2020
The rapid depletion of energy resources is the most serious challenge facing humanity today. Energy consumption by buildings is the largest component of energy consumption, and most of it is in the form of heat loss. Therefore, many buildings use rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) as thermal insulation material to effectively reduce heat loss. However, the greatest disadvantage of PUF is its high flammability. In this work, to reduce the risk of fire caused by PUF, melamine-based polyol containing phosphonate and alkynyl groups (MF3.5 and MB3F3) is synthesized and used to improve the flame retardancy of PUF by replacing common polyether polyol. The effects of MF3.5 and MB3F3 on the physical and mechanical properties, cell morphology, thermal stability and flame retardancy of PUF are systematically studied. The research results show that the flame-retardant polyols have no effect on the thermal insulation properties of PUF, but result in a slight decrease in compressive strength. Thermogravimetric analysis proves that MF3.5 and MB3F3 can increase the temperature of the maximum mass loss rate and reduce the maximum mass loss rate, and significantly increase the char yield at 800 °C. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value is increased to 24.3%. Cone calorimetry experiments show that MB3F3 reduces the peak heat release rate and total heat release by 28.2% and 30.5%, respectively. Vertical combustion tests show that the average burning rate of the flame-retardant PUF is much slower, and melt-dripping behavior is eliminated. The flame retardancy of PUF is improved mainly through a condensed phase mechanism.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Handling Editor: Gregory Rutledge.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05266-2
J Mater Sci
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
Introduction The rate of global energy consumption is continuously increasing, which accelerates the depletion of energy and leads to supply shortages. Statistics [1] show that energy consumption by buildings, both residential and commercial, in developed countries has steadily increased, accounting for 20–40% of total energy consumption and representing the largest share of energy consumption globally [2–4]. Most of the energy consumed in buildings is in the form of heat loss [5], causing serious energy waste. The us
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