Mesenchymal stem cells with modafinil (gold nanoparticles) significantly improves neurological deficits in rats after mi
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Mesenchymal stem cells with modafinil (gold nanoparticles) significantly improves neurological deficits in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion Sepideh Nazarian1 · Zohreh Abdolmaleki1 · Alireza Torfeh1 · Seyed Hamed Shirazi Beheshtiha2 Received: 10 June 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Systemic treatments for ischemic stroke as a disease with high disability and death have been yet unsuccessful. Combined treatments can potentially cause better results in treatment of patients with Stroke. In this study we assessed the neuroprotective effect of modafinil-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) in ischemic stroke rats. Stem cells and AuNPs offer great promise for new medical treatments. 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (12 in each group): (1) the group that developed middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO or ischemia), (2) the normal group (control), (3) the MCAO group that received MSC (C + MCAO), (4) the MCAO group that received MSC and modafinil (CM + MCAO), and (5) the MCAO group that received MSC and modafinil-coated AuNPs (CMN + MCAO). Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) was performed by inserting a silicone coat filament in the right internal carotid artery via the external carotid artery until it reached the anterior cerebral artery. The filament was located in the internal carotid artery for 60 min and then removed. Modafinil-coated AuNPs (100 mg/kg) or Modafinil (100 mg/kg) were given to the rats as an oral gavage, once a day in the morning time. Finally, infarct volume, BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor), GDNF (Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor), NeuN (neuronal nuclear protein) expression, and cell apoptosis in brain were analyzed. The brain infarct volume and apoptosis significantly decreased and BDNF, NeuN, and GDNF increased in C + MCAO, CM + MCAO, and CMN + MCAO groups compared to ischemia. CMN + MCAO groups did not show significant difference in these factors compared to control group. These results demonstrated that the administration of stem cells and Modafinil-coated AuNPs at the same time had a good effect on ischemic brain injuries. It happened through increasing neurotrophic factors and decreasing brain cell apoptosis. Keywords Modafinil · Mesenchymal stem cell · Gold nanoparticles · Ischemic stroke
Introduction One of the most serious diseases to cause death and disability is stroke (Zhao et al. 2017). Hypoxia due to stroke can lead to reduced brain cell viability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role during the induction of ischemic stroke and found to have deleterious effects on brain tissue Communicated by Sreedharan Sajikumar. * Zohreh Abdolmaleki [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmacology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
Department of Clinical Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2
(Yoshino et al. 2011). Brain cells, especially in the hippocamp
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