Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Viral Infections: Implications for COVID-19
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Viral Infections: Implications for COVID-19 José Lucas Martins Rocha 1,2 & Waldir César Ferreira de Oliveira 1,3 & Nádia Cássia Noronha 1,3 & Natalia Cristine Dias dos Santos 1,3 & Dimas Tadeu Covas 1 & Virgínia Picanço-Castro 1 & Kamilla Swiech 1,4 & Kelen Cristina Ribeiro Malmegrim 1,4
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) constitute a heterogeneous population of stromal cells with immunomodulatory and regenerative properties that support their therapeutic use. MSCs isolated from many tissue sources replicate vigorously in vitro and maintain their main biological properties allowing their widespread clinical application. To date, most MSC-based preclinical and clinical trials targeted immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, MSCs have antiviral properties and have been used in the treatment of various viral infections in the last years. Here, we revised in detail the biological properties of MSCs and their preclinical and clinical applications in viral diseases, including the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19). Notably, rapidly increasing numbers of MSC-based therapies for COVID19 have recently been reported. MSCs are theoretically capable of reducing inflammation and promote lung regeneration in severe COVID-19 patients. We critically discuss the rationale, advantages and disadvantages of MSC-based therapies for viral infections and also specifically for COVID-19 and point out some directions in this field. Finally, we argue that MSC-based therapy may be a promising therapeutic strategy for severe COVID-19 and other emergent respiratory tract viral infections, beyond the viral infection diseases in which MSCs have already been clinically applied. Keywords Mesenchymal stromal cells . Viral infections . COVID-19 . Immunomodulation . SARS-CoV-2 . Cell therapy . Viral diseases . Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Biological Properties of MSCs Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are a multipotent progenitor cells that have been largely used for multiple clinical applications, including autoimmune and inflammatory
diseases, allotransplant rejection, spinal cord injuries, myocardial infarction, degenerative disorders, bone diseases, severe pneumonia, extensive burns and severe chronic wounds [1–4]. Nowadays, these cells are even more in demand for pre-clinical and clinical trials since emerging viral
This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Special Issue on COVID19 Pandemic and Stem Cells Guest Editor: Mariusz Z. Ratajczak Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-020-10032-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Kelen Cristina Ribeiro Malmegrim [email protected] 1
2
Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil Basic a
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