Metamaterial-Based Planar Antennas
Microstrip patch antenna is used extensively in wireless and mobile applications due to its low profile and lightweight. However, this antenna is prone to low gain, limited bandwidth and increased cross polarization levels. Metamaterial can be integrated
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Metamaterial-Based Planar Antennas Gnanam Gnanagurunathan and Krishnasamy T. Selvan
Abstract Microstrip patch antenna is used extensively in wireless and mobile applications due to its low profile and lightweight. However, this antenna is prone to low gain, limited bandwidth and increased cross polarization levels. Metamaterial can be integrated onto an antenna to improve its performance. A possible approach to enhance the performance is by suppressing surface waves. This can be achieved by using Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) structures. In addition, plane waves that come in contact with EBG structures can be reflected in phase thereby enhancing the radiation properties of the microstrip antenna. Therefore, the main motivation underlying this work is to provide an overview on the evolution, characterization and performance enhancement of microstrip antennas with EBG structures.
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Keywords Metamaterial Microstrip patch antenna Electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) Artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) Evolution Bandgap structure
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1 Introduction “Metamaterials are macroscopic composites having man-made three dimensional, periodic cellular architecture designed to produce an optimized combination, not available in nature, of two or more responses to specific excitation” is aptly described by B.A. Munk in his book [1]. This material is artificially engineered to exhibit a behaviour that is not found in nature. There are many categories of metamaterial that have been established over G. Gnanagurunathan (✉) Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] K.T. Selvan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai 603110, India © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 S.R.S. Prabaharan et al. (eds.), Frontiers in Electronic Technologies, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 433, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4235-5_7
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G. Gnanagurunathan and K.T. Selvan
the years namely, i.e. Double Negative Material (DNG), Single Negative Material (SNG), Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure (EBG), Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMC), Frequency Selective Sheets (FSS), High Impedance Surfaces (HIS), Chiral media, Zero Index metamaterial (ZIM) and many more. It should be noted that some of these material may have overlapping properties. In the early years of the periodic structure research, the EBG structure was described as Photonic Bandgap structures whereby the term was developed by the photonic fraternity that worked on stop band performance of optical periodic structures and solid-state electronic band gaps [2]. In [2], the author has also argued that the usage of photonic bandgap and microwave periodic structures (EBG) can be confusing when in actuality both refers to periodic structures that exhibit bandgaps. In this work the focus will be on EBGs and AMCs.
2 Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) Fabricated periodic eleme
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