Pesticide residue monitoring and risk assessment in the herbal fruits Schisandra chinensis , Lycium chinense , and Cornu
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Pesticide residue monitoring and risk assessment in the herbal fruits Schisandra chinensis, Lycium chinense, and Cornus officinalis in Korea Junheon Kim1
•
Jihye Shin2 • Chung Gyoo Park3 • Sang-Hyun Lee1
Received: 24 March 2020 / Revised: 13 September 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 Ó The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Schisandra chinensis, Lycium chinense, and Cornus officinalis are cultivated in South Korea, China and Japan. Because of their beneficial biological effectiveness, the consumption of these herbs is increasing. The objective of this study was to analyze the pesticide residue levels on these herbal fruits produced in Korea. A short- and longterm risk assessment of the pesticides in herbal fruits was conducted. Pesticides were detected in most samples, and all samples with multiple residues were also noted. The average numbers of pesticides detected in the S. chinensis, L. chinense, and C. officinalis samples were 1.84, 10.28, and 5.87, respectively. The short-term and highest longterm risks, and the cumulative risk (cHI) were 0.633%, 1.14%, and 7.56% (S. chinensis), 1.0 9 10-1%, 1.1 9 10-5%, and 4.0 9 10-5% (L. chinense), and
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-020-00840-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Junheon Kim [email protected] Jihye Shin [email protected] Chung Gyoo Park [email protected] Sang-Hyun Lee [email protected] 1
Forest Insect Pests and Diseases Division, National Institute of Forest Research, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
2
Research Center for Agro-Bio-EM & Environmental Resources, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea
3
Institute of Life Science (BK21? Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
2.2 9 10-5%, 1.6 9 10-5%, and 8.9 9 10-5% (C. officinalis). No significant health risk for consumers via herbal fruit consumption was detected. Keywords Schisandra chinensis Lycium chinense Cornus officinalis Pesticide residue Risk assessment
Introduction The increased use of pesticides for crop protection is prospectively based on the increasing world population and the need for a larger food supply. In spite of their protection of plants, many pesticides are toxic and pose many side effects, including environmental and human health problems, if they are not used properly. Currently, pesticide residues in agricultural commodities are monitored worldwide (Akoto et al., 2013; Diop et al., 2016; Golge et al., 2018; Kumari and John, 2019; Park et al., 2014) to protect consumer health, promote the management of agricultural resources and reduce economic losses. Most countries use maximum residue limits (MRLs) to regulate pesticides. MRLs are defined as the upper legal concentration of pesticide residues (mg/kg or ppm) in or on food or feed based on good agricultural practices (GAP) and are used to ensure the lowest possible consumer exposure (EFSA, 2011). In Korea, to reinforce the safety management of a
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