Methyl Paraben and Carbamazepine in Water and Striped Catfish ( Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum ) in the Cauca and Magdal
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Methyl Paraben and Carbamazepine in Water and Striped Catfish (Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum) in the Cauca and Magdalena Rivers Sylvia M. Cacua‑Ortiz1 · Néstor J. Aguirre2 · Gustavo A. Peñuela1 Received: 10 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Between 2017 and 2019, samplings were carried out in the San Jorge, Cauca and Magdalena River basins in Colombia, to determine the presence of methyl paraben and carbamazepine in water and Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum. For the analysis of the samples, a validation of the analytical method was performed, following the EPA method 1694 (Pharmaceutical and personal care products in water), with slight modifications. This was done by liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, for quantification of methyl paraben and carbamazepine, including parameters of linearity, accuracy precision and veracity. Carbamazepine was found in the Magdalena River at 8.03 ± 0.01 µg/L in transition season. In fish samples, methyl paraben and carbamazepine were detected in a range between 32 and 90.80 µg/kg in transition and dry seasons. Keywords Bioaccumulation · Carbamazepine · Methyl paraben · Striped catfish Fish are excellent biomarkers in aquatic ecosystems for the degree of pollutant bioaccumulation in the food chain, since they are permanently in the water and continually ingest these compounds, whether directly or through accumulation in food that they consume (Ramesh and Nagarajan 2013). As striped catfish can live for more than 10 years (González et al. 2010) and in Colombia the minimum catch size is 80 cm, it has enough time to bioaccumulate contaminants, making it a good indicator of contamination, which is unfortunate, since it is highly consumed in Colombia. Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, known as the Magdalena striped catfish, is endemic to the Magdalena River. It is * Sylvia M. Cacua‑Ortiz [email protected] Néstor J. Aguirre [email protected] Gustavo A. Peñuela [email protected] 1
GDCON Group, Environmental School, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Headquarters (SIU), University of Antioquia, calle 70 No 52 – 21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia
Grupo GeoLimna, Environmental School, Faculty of Engineering, University of Antioquia, 050010 Medellín, Colombia
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the largest species in the Magdalena river basin and occupies a superior trophic position among carnivorous fish. It has two reproductive peaks per year and migrates seasonally upstream in the river (Gallo and Diaz 2003; Jiménez-Segura et al. 2009). Its migration begins between the months of December and January, which corresponds to the beginning of the dry season in Colombia. This migration is mainly caused by the decrease in the water level of the swamps and flooded areas that constitute the Magdalena river basin (Peña 2003; Jiménez-Segura et al. 2009). The species of this genus are piscivorous and, lacking cutting teeth, swallow the prey whole through a wide mouth opening. They have nocturnal habits,
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