Microalgal Cultivation in Secondary Effluents: Enhancement of Algal Biomass, Nutrient Removal, and Lipid Productivity
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Microalgal Cultivation in Secondary Effluents: Enhancement of Algal Biomass, Nutrient Removal, and Lipid Productivity ZHANG Bo1), MENG Fanping1), 2), *, CUI Hongwu3), DOU Xiang1), DU Shuhao1), and PENG Xiaoling1) 1) Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China 2) College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China 3) Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China (Received February 11, 2020; revised July 5, 2020; accepted September 30, 2020) © Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2020 Abstract The growth performance, nutrient removal, lipid accumulation and morphological changes of Cyanobacterium aponinum OUC1 and Scenedesmus obliquus which were cultured in secondary effluents from two wastewater treatment plants: Tuandao Wastewater Treatment Plant (ETD) and Licun River Wastewater Treatment Plant (ELR) were investigated. The results showed that both C. aponinum OUC1 and S. obliquus have superior growth performances in both undiluted effluents, while the better of them was that in ETD effluent, with cell densities of C. aponinum OUC1 and S. obliquus increased by 159% and 66% over that of BG11 (control), respectively. Regarding nutrient removal, S. obliquus could completely remove inorganic phosphorus, and decrease ammonia nitrogen in ETD effluent by 81%. In addition, both C. aponinum OUC1 and S. obliquus cultivated in ETD exhibited extraordinary potential for biofuel production, increasing lipid productivities by 133% and 89% of that cultivated in ELR, respectively. As to ultrastructural changes, the differences in the lipoidal globules and glycogen granules of S. obliquus and C. aponinum OUC1 among the ETD and ELR treatments were mostly related to phosphorus limitations. The findings from this research reveal the probability using the secondary effluents as cultivation media to enhance algal biomass, nutrient removal and lipid productivity. Key words
secondary effluent; nutrient removal; lipid; Cyanobacterium aponinum OUC1; Scenedesmus obliquus
1 Introduction Accelerated urbanization generates increasing quantities of secondary effluents discharged from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which contain residual nutrients and organic compounds (Ge and Champagne, 2016; Gojkovic et al., 2019; Yu et al., 2019). Residual nutrients in secondary effluent, in particular nitrogen and phosphorus, may induce eutrophication in rivers and coastal areas and endanger the stability of the ecosystem (Deegan et al., 2012; Yu et al., 2019). In this sense, urgent demand for more efficient approaches to diminish the consequences of nutrients in effluent discharge from WWTPs has attracted extensive attention from researchers (Yao et al., 2015, Mirzaei et al., 2019). Simultaneously, concerns about the energy crisis, coupled with the burgeoning demand for energy and an expanding consciousness of the global effect of
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