Microbial Inactivation by Non-equilibrium Short-Pulsed Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge (Cold Plasma):
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Microbial Inactivation by Non‑equilibrium Short‑Pulsed Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge (Cold Plasma): Numerical and Experimental Studies Ender H. Arserim1 · Deepti Salvi1 · Gregory Fridman2 · Donald W. Schaffner1 · Mukund V. Karwe1 Received: 14 January 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Microbial inactivation efficacy of plasma generated by a custom-made floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge (FEDBD) or cold plasma at three different frequencies (1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 3.5 kHz) was experimentally evaluated for its inactivation of the pathogen surrogate Enterobacter aerogenes on a glass surface to obtain inactivation kinetics. COMSOL Multiphysics® was used to numerically simulate the amount and the distribution of reactive species within an FE-DBD system. Microbial inactivation kinetics was predicted using species concentrations and microbial inactivation rates from the literature and compared with experimental data. The results showed that the FE-DBD plasma treatment achieved a microbial reduction of 4.3 ± 0.5 log CFU/surface at 3.5 kHz, 5.1 ± 0.09 log CFU/surface at 2 kHz, and 5.1 ± 0.05 log CFU/surface at 1 kHz in 2 min, 3 min, and 6 min, respectively. The predicted values were 4.02 log CFU/surface, 4.10 log CFU/surface, and 4.56 log CFU/surface at 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 3.5 kHz, respectively. A maximum 1 log difference was observed between numerical predictions and the experimental results. The difference might be due to synergistic interactions between plasma species, UV component of FE-DBD plasma, and/or the electrical field effects, which could not be included in the numerical simulation. Keywords Dielectric · Barrier discharge plasma · Microbial inactivation · Mathematical modeling · Inactivation kinetics
Introduction Significant effort and resources have been directed towards improving the efficiency and sustainability of the food supply chain. Besides developing new approaches for reducing food waste and reducing energy consumption, there is a growing demand for high-quality food products that are minimally processed, safe, and affordable. The development of novel nonthermal food preservation processes is of great interest for minimally processed foods. Researchers seek to increase food safety and enhance shelf life while maintaining important food quality attributes. One emerging nonthermal technology that may help is cold atmospheric pressure
* Mukund V. Karwe [email protected] 1
Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
C. & J. Nyheim Plasma Institute, Drexel University, 200 Federal St. Suite 500, Camden, New Jersey 08103, USA
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plasma (CAPP). The antimicrobial efficacy at or near room temperature of cold plasma makes it desirable to process temperature-sensitive foods [49]. Plasma, the fourth state of matter, can be described as a partially or fully ionized gas [32]. If enough energy is applied to a gas, t
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