Effectiveness of Conventional Crop Improvement Strategies vs. Omics
World’s population is increasing exponentially and it is expected to be doubled by the year 2050. In many developing countries and rural areas, malnourishment is also making the condition worse. Conventional crop improvemnt strategies e.g. breeding have b
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Effectiveness of Conventional Crop Improvement Strategies vs. Omics Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar, Amna Faryad, Amna Bari, Barira Zahid, Xitong Zhu, and Ling-Ling Chen
Abstract World’s population is increasing exponentially and it is expected to be doubled by the year 2050. In many developing countries and rural areas, malnourishment is also making the condition worse. Conventional crop improvemnt strategies e.g. breeding have been used by farmers since ages, but these approaches are not well efficient to get our targets of having more yield, high quality and nutritional food to feed the rapidly growing population. In this chapter, we have summarized the importance and use of Omics-based strategies e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and interactomics, for crop improvements. Omics based approaches have opened the doors to improve the varieties with high yield and enhanced nutritional value, together with herbicide and other stresses resistance ability By overcoming few challenges related to the application of Omics in agriculture, this could be the best option to confront with the current needs and future food demands of the exceeding population.
Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar and Amna Faryad contributed equally. M. Tahir ul Qamar · L.-L. Chen (*) State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] A. Faryad Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan A. Bari · X. Zhu National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China B. Zahid Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 S. Fahad et al. (eds.), Environment, Climate, Plant and Vegetation Growth, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49732-3_11
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Keywords Genomics · Transcriptomics · Proteomics · Metabolomics · Crop improvement
11.1 Introduction Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating wild plants for the use of humans. Since 10,000 years ago, ancient people made the transition from foraging to harvesting crops and many crops have been cultivated. Food is vital for human life on this planet. World’s population is increasing rapidly with every passing year. According to an estimation, the food production must be increased up-to almost 70% to meet the need of the growing population and increased food consumption (Rashid et al. 2017). Enough food production for a rapidly growing population has been facing many challenges like; shortage of water, climate change due to global warming and a decrease in available land for agricultural
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