Microbial Volatiles in Defense
Microbes are versatile, dynamic, and the most adaptive entities occurring in nature, and these properties enable them to strive in almost any conceivable environment. These are loaded with the variety of compounds having potential to cope up with such har
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Microbial Volatiles in Defense Monika, Khan Mohd. Sarim, S.S. Arya, S. Devi, Vikender Kaur, and A. Singla
Abstract
Microbes are versatile, dynamic, and the most adaptive entities occurring in nature, and these properties enable them to strive in almost any conceivable environment. These are loaded with the variety of compounds having potential to cope up with such harsh conditions. Among the diversity of compounds, the important one is volatile compounds; these are light molecular weight, low vapor pressure compounds that easily disperse in environment, plant, and microbes and trigger metabolic and physiological responses that confer microbial defense and induce systemic resistance in plants. Basic chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques enable us to understand the chemical structure and function of these fascinating molecules. In addition to this, modern OMICS methods giving opportunity to deep insight of microbial diversity and strengthen the concept of volatile compounds function by providing real-time pictures of their expression and signaling. Incorporation of computational tools with molecular biology techniques incredibly creates a reservoir of knowledge-based database of volatile compounds’ structure, function, diversity, signaling, and even prediction through statistical tools. Hence, we are closer to decipher the significance of microbial
Monika • K.M. Sarim Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar, Haryana, India S.S. Arya (*) Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India e-mail: [email protected] S. Devi Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana, India V. Kaur Germplasm Evaluation Division, ICAR-NBPGR, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India A. Singla Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 D.K. Choudhary et al. (eds.), Volatiles and Food Security, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-5553-9_4
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volatile compounds in plants and microbes defense as well, and basic understanding, computational approaches, and intellectual input can definitely provide some fruitful findings. Keywords
Volatile compounds • Microbes • Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) • Volatile defense
4.1
olatile Compounds: Delighting Compounds V from Microbes
Who can’t love the smell coming from soil during rainy season? Yes it is “geosmin” a volatile compound frequently produced by an actinomycetes called Streptomyces (Gerber and Lechevalier 1965). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are carbon- structured solids or liquids that quickly turn to gas phase through vaporization at 0.01 kPa pressure and 20 °C (Pagans et al. 2006). Several of these diffusible metabolites act as antibiotics and antibiotic-like substances and also act as potential signal molecules that play important role in interactions between plant-bacteria or fungi- bacteria (Frey-Klett et al. 2011; Haq et al. 2014). Microbial volatiles are small molecules of low molecular w
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