Microbiota Analysis of Eggshells in Different Areas and During Different Storage Time by Non-cultural Methods
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Microbiota Analysis of Eggshells in Different Areas and During Different Storage Time by Non‑cultural Methods Yi Shi1,2 · Songwen Wu3 · Wenjuan Li2 · Dongli Liu2 · Guozhu Ma2 · Zheng Zhang2 · Lu Yuan1 · Huan Li1 · Siruo Zhang1 · Nosheen Mushtaq1 · Jiru Xu1 Received: 9 January 2020 / Accepted: 13 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study is to investigate and characterize the microbiota composition on eggshells from 3 different areas of Shaanxi province (Yulin, Hanzhong and Xi’an). The eggs were stored at 25 °C for 56 days and bacterial samples were collected from eggshells on day 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA hypervariable region V3–V4 were performed. Alpha diversity was applied for analyzing the diversity of samples through 6 indices, including Observed-species, Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, ACE and Good’s-coverage. Beta diversity was used to study the similarities or differences in the community composition of the samples. Totally, 36 phyla and 595 genera were classified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The composition of the microbial communities of different regions was quite different. Firmicutes (33–38% of total phyla) and Actinobacteria (36–61% of total phyla) were the most abundant phyla in all three regions. Proteobacteria were relatively more abundant (about 18% of total phyla) on eggs from Hanzhong. During storage time, the microbial communities mainly changed from Firmicutes to Actinobacteria on eggs from Yulin and Xi’an. Lactobacillus, Kocuria and Streptomyces were much higher at the genus level. Spoilage bacteria Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas and Enterococcus were detected at the genus level. Campylobacter jejuni (
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