Extent and pattern of damage in wheat caused by three different species of storage insect pests
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Extent and pattern of damage in wheat caused by three different species of storage insect pests Muhammad Waqar Hassan 1 & Ghulam Sarwar 2 & Muhammad Aslam Farooqi 1 & Moazzam Jamil 3 Received: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract We investigated the extent and pattern of damage in wheat caused by Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) over a period of 75 d. Damage parameters included numbers of damaged grains, their weight; numbers of undamaged grains, their weight; frass weight and percent weight loss. Results showed after 75 d, maximum damaged grains were 125.17 ± 22.88 by R. dominica followed 80.50 ± 6.91 by T. granarium and least were 20.00 ± 2.61 after 50 d by T. castaneum. For R. dominica and T. granarium damage to grains increased with time (P < 0.05) however for T. castenum damage decreased after 75 d (P > 0.05). Maximum percent weight loss was 7.02 ± 1.87 g by R. dominica followed by 2.89 ± 0.33 g by T. granarium and least 0.65 ± 0.08 g by T. castaneum. Maximum dead insects percentage was 82% after 25 d for R. dominica, 59.67 ± 3.44 for T. granarium after 50 d and 100.00 ± 0.00 for T. castenum after 50 or 75 d compared to other time periods (P < 0.05). Percent increase in population was recorded for T. granarium but not for other two species during 75 d period. Microphotography of damaged grains after 75 d to compare damage pattern showed R. dominica made circular holes (Fig. 1), T. granarium made irregular holes (Fig. 2) and T. castaneum made circular damage but it did not traverse grains (Fig. 3). Radius length of circular damage was more for T. castenum compared with for R. dominica (P < 0.05). Damage area was maximum by T. granarium followed by T. castenum and least by R. dominica while perimeter of damage was greatest by T. granarium followed by T. castenum and least by R. dominica (P < 0.05). Keywords Stored grain pests . Damage characteristics . Internal feeders . External feeders . Weight loss
Introduction Cereals are stored after harvesting for long durations for their long term use and to keep them safe from spoilage. Spoilage of stored cereals is due to inadequate and inefficient storage facilities which may be due to problems arising from different biotic and abiotic factors. Storage insect pests constitute the serious threats among the biotic factors which affect the stored cereals grains and destroy their quantity as well as quality. * Muhammad Waqar Hassan [email protected] 1
Department of Entomology, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
2
Department of Botany, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
3
Department of Soil Science, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Quantitative losses are in the form of decrease in numbers of healthy grains and their weight and an increase in number of unhealthy, broken grains with
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