Microneedle Array: Applications, Recent Advances, and Clinical Pertinence in Transdermal Drug Delivery
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Microneedle Array: Applications, Recent Advances, and Clinical Pertinence in Transdermal Drug Delivery Jitu Halder 1 & Sudhanshu Gupta 1 & Rakhi Kumari 1 & Ghanshyam Das Gupta 1 & Vineet Kumar Rai 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Drug delivery through the skin by transdermal patches has a long history. Subsequent growth of transdermal science proved prominent utility of transdermal systems meant for passive diffusion of the drug. It was followed by the development of iontophoresis- and sonophoresis-based transdermal delivery systems. Microneedle array has now caught attention of the investigators owing to its immense utility in transdermal delivery of very large molecules with ionic and hydrophilic nature. In this technical note, we present the current scenario, applications, and recent advances in microneedle array-based delivery of the most critical molecules through the skin. The application of microneedle has widely been investigated, and these technologies are being developed for the delivery of bio-therapeutics, bio-macromolecules, insulin, growth hormones, immunobiologicals, proteins, siRNA, and peptides. Potential of microneedles to transform the global transdermal market is highlighted in terms of the success rate of the microneedle technologies in clinical trials reaching to the global market. The arrival of the commercial microneedle-based products in the market is highly anticipated as they have potential to portray remarkable impact on clinical medicine in near future. Keywords Microneedle . Transdermal . Vaccines . Drug delivery . Protein and peptides
Introduction The transdermal route, in many clinical implications, is used to avoid the decisive limitations associated with the oral drug delivery methods [1]. The recent developments in this area highlight the utility of microneedle array (MN) systems in delivering drugs transdermally that are unable to diffuse through skin by passive diffusion or by external source-assisted diffusion [2]. MN has been proved as a convenient technique in delivering molecules of high molecular mass. Moreover, it is designed to keep one away from the pain-related issues while being injected with the hypodermic needles [3]. Here, we present the current scenario, the applications, and the recent advances in the delivery of molecules by microneedle array technique. Various ways have been explored to deal with the limited potency of a therapeutic agent. Consequently, future research will concentrate on creating techniques to diminish loss during preparing and stacking just as
improving the structures of microneedles to guarantee better medication transport to make microneedle-based treatment more affordable, especially for developing countries. Though the investigations on microneedle-based drug delivery systems are expanding every year, the shortcomings associated with these systems should carefully be addressed. This would let microneedles pass the clinical pertinence and help reach to the potential market.
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