Recent advances of nanocellulose in drug delivery systems
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Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-020-00499-4
REVIEW
Recent advances of nanocellulose in drug delivery systems Nurhasni Hasan1,2 · Latifah Rahman2 · So‑Hyeon Kim3 · Jiafu Cao1 · Andi Arjuna2 · Subehan Lallo2 · Byung H. Jhun3 · Jin‑Wook Yoo1 Received: 30 July 2020 / Accepted: 19 September 2020 © The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology 2020
Abstract Background Nanocellulose, which possesses great physical, chemical, and biological properties, is a natural polymer derived from widely available native cellulose. It has outstanding properties such as high mechanical strength, stiffness, low weight, biocompatibility, and renewability, which are beneficial for the design of advanced drug delivery systems, as either an excipient or a carrier. Area covered This review introduces three types of nanocellulose: cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibers, and bacterial cellulose. Their physical and chemical properties along with their methods of preparation are also compared. Recent studies of nanocellulose for various drug delivery applications are summarized and discussed. Selected nanocellulose studies with significant findings for oral, ocular, intratumoral, topical, and transdermal delivery are also emphasized. Expert opinion Nanocellulose has potential for drug delivery applications due to its high surface area-to-volume ratio and high polymerization, which provide nanocellulose with a high loading and binding capacity for active pharmaceutical ingredients, enabling the control of the drug release. Keywords Nanocellulose · Cellulose nanocrystals · Cellulose nanofibers · Bacterial cellulose · Drug delivery system
Introduction Drug delivery systems are defined as advanced technologies for the targeted/specific delivery and/or controlled release of therapeutic agents. For over a decade, the field of drug delivery systems has been growing, with new inventions every second. However, a major concern lies in the selection of appropriate, natural, nontoxic, and inexpensive materials/ polymers, while maintaining bioactivity and minimizing undesirable side effects. Natural polymers, such as cellulose, Nurhasni Hasan and Latifah Rahman have contributed equally to this work. * Jin‑Wook Yoo [email protected] 1
College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak‑ro 63 beon‑gil 2, Geumjeong‑gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
2
Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
3
Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak‑ro 63 beon‑gil 2, Geumjeong‑gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
starch, and glycogen, have been widely employed to circumvent this concern (Wang et al. 2013). Nanocellulose is a renewable, biodegradable, and nanoscaled natural material extracted from a broad diversity of organisms (plants, animals, and bacteria), and it has appealing properties for applications in the field of drug delivery systems (Babu et al. 2013). Nanocellulose is us
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