Microperimetry as a diagnostic tool for the detection of early, subclinical retinal damage and visual impairment in mult
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Microperimetry as a diagnostic tool for the detection of early, subclinical retinal damage and visual impairment in multiple sclerosis Landon J. Rohowetz1†, Qui Vu1†, Lilit Ablabutyan1†, Sean M. Gratton1, Nancy Kunjukunju1, Billi S. Wallace1,2† and Peter Koulen1,3*
Abstract Background: A majority of multiple sclerosis patients experience visual impairment, often as the initial presenting symptom of the disease. While structural changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer and optic nerve have demonstrated correlations with brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis using magnetic resonance imaging, a noninvasive, cost-effective, and clinically efficacious modality to identify early damage and facilitate prompt therapeutic intervention to slow the progression of multiple sclerosis and its ocular manifestations, is still urgently needed. In this study, we sought to determine the role of macular sensitivity measured by microperimetry in the detection of subclinical multiple sclerosis-related retinal damage and visual dysfunction. Methods: This cross-sectional observational case-control study involved population-based samples of multiple sclerosis patients and age-, race-, and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Among the key criteria for the multiple sclerosis patients were diagnosis by the McDonald criteria, visual acuity greater than 20/25, and no history of optic neuritis. Macular sensitivity and average macular thickness were measured in all subjects using microperimetry and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients were measured using bivariate correlations. Sample means, mean differences, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using independent sample t-tests. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected] The authors have not published, posted, or submitted any related papers from this study. † Landon J. Rohowetz, Qui Vu, Lilit Ablabutyan and Billi S. Wallace contributed equally to this work. 1 Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA 2 Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology section), 800 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65201, USA 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Co
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