Microsatellite markers for the Cape Robin-Chat ( Cossypha caffra ) and the Red-capped Robin-Chat ( Cossypha natalensis )
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MICROSATELLITE LETTERS
Microsatellite markers for the Cape Robin-Chat (Cossypha caffra) and the Red-capped Robin-Chat (Cossypha natalensis) for use in demographic and landscape genetics analyses Guinevere O. U. Wogan • Kevin A. Feldheim Gary Voelker • Rauri C. K. Bowie
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Received: 11 August 2014 / Accepted: 22 August 2014 / Published online: 4 September 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
Abstract The Robin-chats (Muscicapidae: Cossypha) are distributed across sub-saharan Africa with many species restricted to small fragments of Afromontane forest. Several species have decreasing population trends, so demographic data and landscape genetic data for these species will be essential for conservation management. Here we develop 23 microsatellite markers for two species of Cossypha (C. caffra and C. natalensis), characterize polymorphism, and cross-amplify a subset of loci. We demonstrate that most markers have high information content with many alleles suggesting that these markers will be useful for assessing population dynamics and demography. Several loci cross-amplified between species and retained high polymorphism, indicating that these loci will likely be of high utility for many species of African Robins. Keywords
Africa Conservation Afromontane forests
G. O. U. Wogan (&) R. C. K. Bowie Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA e-mail: [email protected] K. A. Feldheim Prizker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA G. Voelker Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collection, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
The Robin-chats of the genus Cossypha primarily occur among the montane sky islands of Africa forming an important component of the Afromontane forest community assemblage. Several species have highly restricted distributions, and populations of several species appear to be in decline; one Robin-chat species (C. heinrichi) is presently listed as Vulnerable by IUCN. In order to evaluate demographic trends and patterns of gene flow, we first develop microsatellite markers for C. caffra and C. natalensis, and then cross-amplify the loci to assess their utility across the genus. Microsatellite enrichments followed the protocol of Glenn and Schable (2005). For Cossypha caffra we used RsaI and XmnI cutters, whereas for C. natalensis we performed two digestions using RSA. SuperSNX24 linkers were ligated onto the DNA fragments and enriched using biotin labeled tetranucleotide probes: (AAAT)8; (AACT)8; (AAGT)8; (ACAT)8; (AGAT)8. For C. natalensis we also used trinucleotide probes: (ACT)8; (ACG)8; (AAG)8; (ATC)8; (AAC)8. For C. caffra a total of 83 colonies were sequenced, 57 of which contained repetitive elements. For C. natalensis 234 colonies were sequenced, 162 of which contained repetitive elements. Enriched fragments w
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