Microwave-Assisted Hydrolysis of Cellulose in Towel and Wheat Straw Using Freeze-Thawing with NaOH
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Microwave‑Assisted Hydrolysis of Cellulose in Towel and Wheat Straw Using Freeze‑Thawing with NaOH Chizuru Sasaki1 · Yuka Sumitomo1 · Kai Odashima1 · Chikako Asada1 · Yoshitoshi Nakamura1 Received: 7 April 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to produce a high yield of direct hydrolysis of glucose from a cotton towel and wheat straw by microwave-assisted (MW) treatment. Methods To this effect, a freeze-thawing with 3% NaOH was added before MW treatment. Multiple MW parameters were tested. Results For the towel, the highest glucose yield of 42.4% based on freeze-thawing with 3% NaOH-treated sample was observed after MW treatment at 200 °C for 30 s with 2% sulfuric acid as a catalyst. This corresponded to a 44.4% yield based on the cellulose content of treated samples, which was 1.3-fold higher than that of samples treated only by MW at 200 °C for 7 min with 1% sulfuric acid as a catalyst (maximum glucose yield in our previous report). For wheat straw, the highest glucose yield of 27.0% based on freeze-thawing with 3% NaOH-treated sample, and 41.9% based on the treated sample cellulose content were observed after MW treatment at 200 °C for 3 min with 0.5% sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Under the optimum conditions, the glucose yield was 40.5% from raw towel and 14.7% from wheat straw. Conclusion Combined severity parameter analysis revealed that the addition of freeze-thawing with NaOH before the MW treatment increased the glucose yield and reduced the severity of the treatment conditions. In conclusion, freeze-thawing using 3% NaOH before MW treatment is effective for the direct hydrolysis of glucose from towels and wheat straw. Graphic Abstract
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Waste and Biomass Valorization
Keywords Cellulose · Direct hydrolysis · Glucose · Microwave · Freeze-thawing with NaOH
Statement of Novelty This study developed a microwave-assisted direct hydrolysis method of cotton towel as a cellulose model material and wheat straw as a lignocellulosic material combined with freeze-thawing with NaOH (before microwave-assisted hydrolysis). Compared with the conventional microwaveassisted direct hydrolysis methods we previously studied, the present combination method has advantages, such as higher hydrolysis glucose recovery yield than that of microwaveassisted hydrolysis without freeze-thawing with NaOH and lower input energy (shorter treatment time and lower catalysis concentration). This combined hydrolysis method is expected to effectively hydrolyze glucose directly from cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials for practical use.
Introduction As an alternative to fossil fuels, lignocellulose biomass is a promising resource for bioethanol and other useful chemicals. These end-product materials are made by organisms that use glucose derived from cellulose as a carbon-based nutrient. Enzymatic hydrolysis is generally used to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose.
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