Microwave-assisted pretreatment of harmful algal blooms for microbial oil-centered biorefinery approach
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Microwave-assisted pretreatment of harmful algal blooms for microbial oil-centered biorefinery approach Vinod Kumar 1 & Neha Arora 1 & Shivam Pandey 1 & Krishna Kumar Jaiswal 1 & Manisha Nanda 2 & M. S. Vlaskin 3 & P. K. Chauhan 4 Received: 9 April 2020 / Revised: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Utilization of harmful algal blooms (HABs) for the cultivation of oleaginous microorganisms can provide dual benefits of mitigating the toxicity from the aquatic reservoirs and generation of copious media for biodiesel production. In the present investigation, microwave-assisted dilute alkali-freeze pretreatment was optimized to develop a low-cost growth medium from HAB dried biomass. The electron micrographs along with the elemental analysis confirmed the efficient breakage of HABs after the microwave-assisted hydrolysis treatment as compared with the acid hydrolysis. Moreover, the sugar analysis revealed ~ 46% higher carbohydrate content in microwave-assisted hydrolysate as compared with acid hydrolysate. The microwave-assisted hydrolysate and conventional dilute acid hydrolysate were then used to cultivate microalga (Chlorella minutissima) and yeast (Trichosporon cutaneum) for biomass and lipid accumulation and compared to artificial media. Microalga showed ~ 1.3- and 2fold higher dry cell weight (DCW) and lipid content, respectively, while the yeast growth increased by ~ 27% with lipid content of 30%. The fatty acid profiles and biodiesel properties were also amenable to the international biodiesel standards. Hence, the present study provides a proof-of-concept of utilizing HAB hydrolysate for culturing oleaginous microorganisms for potential biodiesel production. Keywords Harmful algal blooms . Microalgae . Yeast . Lipid . Biomass
1 Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00941-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Vinod Kumar [email protected] * Neha Arora [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
2
Department of Biotechnology, Dolphin (P.G.) Institute of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India
3
Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13/2 Izhorskaya St, Moscow 125412, Russia
4
Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, HP, India
The unwarranted releases of domestic and industrial wastewaters in the aquatic bodies (both fresh and marine) have led to the formation and outbreak of toxic and harmful algal blooms. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) mainly consist of cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates which form a mat-like structure on the water surface, releasing toxic metabolites that are detrimental to the growth of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and non-blooming algae, thereby reducing th
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