Microwave Industrial, Scientific and Medical Applications in Brazil
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MICROWAVE BRAZIL OCTAVIO Instituto Caet-ano
INDUSTRIAL,
SCIENTIFIC
AND
MEDICAL
ANDRADE (*) MaLua de Tecnologia, Estrada das do Gul Sao FaL0.o , 0,5C0 - Draz il
APPLICATIONS
IN
M.
Lagrimas
2035,
ao
ABSTRACT Microwave ISM applications in Brazil are reviewed, with special emphasys on i ndustrial. appl icat ions and measurement techniques of the dielectric properties of materials, where developments have been most sicgnific:ant. Special techniques for measuring the properties of typical Brazilian soils for radiometric appli.cations in satellite remote sensing are discussed. High power microwave techniques are presented and analyzed. Industrial applications in ceramics, chemical products, food processing, sterilization, production of alcohol , and many others are explained. The design of special applicators for the above techniques, including continuous processing apparatus, detectors, special loads and waveguide configurations are reviewed. Various methods for obtaining the dielectric constant of solid and liquid substanlces are presented, and experimental techniques are analyzed. Biological and medical applications are in early stages of development, but present a great potential in the coming year-s at various well equipped medical institutions. I:n conc(-, usion, the great potential of microwave non..communications applications in Brazil is explained, with promising achievements in the years ahead.
INTRODUCTION Efforts towards utilizing the ISM electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave region for research and development in Brazil started around 1973 at two academic institutions, namely the In-stitutto Maua de Tecnologia (Maua Institute of Technology ) located in Sao Paulo (southern part of the country where main industrial activity takes place) and the Federal University of Parai ba, at its Campi na Grande campus, l ocated i n the Northeastern part of Brazil. These two locations, thousands of miles apart, and with completely different climates, living conditions and economic developments, truly represent the enormous contrasts of Brazil. The developments to be described in this paper, from 1970 unti 1 1990, represent an enormous effort of a smal I number of dedicated individuals who, despite the difficult economic situation that Brazil has been suffering for many years, were able to effectively contribute in their fields of specialty to the development of the country. (*) Presently Visiting Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 189. 01991 Materials Research Society
28
Various aspects of ISM applications are briefly described, and their major features are highl] ighted. Details of some application developments can be found in the listed references.
MICROWAVE X-BAND RADIOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BRAZILIAN BY MEASUREMENT OF THE COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY 1 1 3
SOILS
Due to the continental dimensions of Brazil, spaceborn remote sensing techniques have been used since the 1970's, mainly in the visible and i
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